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FRENCH  &  ENBIISH  SELF-TAUBHT 


-►5— OC 


VOCABULAIRE 


FRANCAIS^' ANGLAIS 


>!       PRRCltDE  l)E  LECONS  ELEMENTAIRES  DE  PRONONCIATION      ''^ 
ET  SUIVI   D'UN  ABREGit  DE  GRAMMAIRE. 


I^i^^-vioz-  nVEof  i-ot 


CHEF    D'INSTITUTION. 


Un  tr.ivail  opiniatre  triomyhe  de  tous  les  obstacles 


SAN  FRANCISCO 

ge";   Jtuifui.j   0/fic<^   of  ".£i  2itit  ^oiuitat",   603  '^tVjjfvht.jtoit   Street.' 

1882. 


Nj-v^>i 


-^35 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  Year  of  1882,  by  Xavier  M^f ret,  in  the  Office  o 
the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


Printing  Office  of  Le  Petit  Journal,  603  Washington  Street. 


RULES  IN  READING 


1.  Read  slow,  and  with  a  great  deal  of  attention,  as  there  are  several  in- 
conveniences attending  fast  reading ;  for  you  will  not  only  be  liable  to 
make  many  mistakes,  but  perhaps  learn  to  stammer;  neither  is  it  possible 
for  you  to  prononce  at  first,  what  you  are  reading,  so  distinctly  as  you  ought. 

2.  If  you  are  not  sure  of  knowing  how  to  read  a  word  at  first  sight,  do 
not  guess  at  the  pronunciation  of  it,  lest  you  should  contract  the  bad  cus- 
tom of  miscalling  words  ;  but  spell  it  within  yourself,  before  you  offer  to 
prononce  it  with  a  loud  voice. 

3.  Be  very  careful  in  minding  your  stops,  as  they  are  pointed  ;  or  else 
neither  you  that  read,  nor  those  that  hearken  to  you,  wijl  be  able  to  make 
sense  of  your  reading. 

4.  Never  make  any  stops  between  your  words  where  there  are  none  in- 
troduced; neither  utter  hemms^  nor  haas^  still  observing  to  pronounce  what 
you  read  with  ease,  and  in  the  same  manner  as  if  you  were  holding  a  fam- 
iliar conversation. 

The  result  of  these  general  rules  is,  that  your  pronunciation  ought  to  be 
natural^  that  is  to  say,  without  art  or  afiFectation  ;  clear,  that  is  to  say,  dis- 
tinct and  intelligible ;  smooth^  that  is  to  say,  without  any  constraint  or  he^ 
sitation. 


—  4  — 
ELEMENTS  OP  FRENCH  GRAMMAR 

PRONUNCIATION 

FBENCH  ALPHABET 

1.  The  French  alphabet  has  twenty-five  letters  :— 

A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H,  I,  J,  K,  L,  M,  N,  O,  P,  Q,  R,  S,  T,  U,  V,  X,  Y,  Z. 
They  are  named  in  French:  a,  d/,  cd,  dd,  /,  ^^^^g^y  (^shy  iyjiy  ka,  elle,  emme,  enne^ 
Oypi,  qu,  Irre,  esse,  //,  «,  vd,  ikce,  i  grec,  zMe. 

Grammatical  Signs. 

There  are  three  accents,  the  acute  accent  ('),  the  grave  accent  ('),  and  the  ci7'- 
cumflex  acce7it  (*). 

The  acute  is  placed  over  the  vowel  e^  and  gives  it  an  acute  sound,  as  in  //<?'. 
summer. 

The  grave^  placed  over  e^  gives  that  vowel!  a  broad  or  open  sound,  as  in  pro 
grh,  progress. 

The  circumflex  is  found  over  certain  vowels  that  are  long,  as  xvi grace ^  grace.  It 
indicates  also  the  suppression  of  a  letter,  as  s  in  cote^  (old  French  coste)^  coast. 

The  grave  accent  and  circumflex  are  also  used  to  distinguish  from  one  another 
certain  words  spelt  alike ;  as, 

deSy  of  or  from  the. 
du^  of  or  from  the. 
/«,  the,  her,  it. 
sur^  upon. 

2.  The  apostrophe  (')  indicates  the  suppression  of  the  final  vowell  in  any  one  of 
the  following  words;  LE,  the^  him^  it;  LA,  the^  hef,  it;  JE,  Ij  ME,  7ftej  te,  theej  SE, 
oneself;  de,  of,  from;  CE,  that;  NE,  not,  and  QUE,  that,  when  the  next  word  begins 
with  a  vowel  or  an  h  mute,  as,  Vdge  for  le  dge;  Vhonneur  for  le  ho?tneur;  Vaurore 
for  la  aurore;  Vhiroine  for  la  heroine.  The  suppression  of  i  occurs  in  si,  if,  only 
before  //,  he,  it ;  ils,  they ;  as,  ^il,  s'ils. 

The  cedilla  (^)  is  used  under  the  letter  c,  before  the  vowels  a,  o,  u,  to  show  that 
the  q  is  to  be  sounded  like  an  s;  as  in  qa,  that ;  gargon,  boy ;  regu,  received. 

The  diceresis  {")  denotes  that  the  vowel  over  which  it  is  placed,  is  to  be  pro 
nounced  distinctly  irom  the  vowel  preceding  or  following  it ;  as,  naivete,  baionette. 

The  hyphen  (-)  connects  together  certain  words ;  as,  suis-je  ?  am  I  ?  (fest-d-dire, 
that  is  to  say. 

Pronunciation, 

Any  printed  rules  for  pronunciation  can  only  be  an  approximate  guide,  as  there 
are  sounds  in  our  language  that  have  no  corresponding  sound  in  the  other. 

We  give  below,  some  of  the  most  useful  examples. 

a  sounds  like  a  in  father. 

ai,  ei,  sound  like  ai  in  bailiff, 

aUj  eau,  sound  like  o  in  p07 1. 

an,  am,  en,  em,  are  pronounced  neariy  like  ang  in  pang. 

ai7i,  ein,  in,  im,  have  no  corresponding  sound  in  English. 

c  is  sounded  like  k. 

c  before  e  and  i  sounds  like  s  in  seven, 

ch  sounds  like  sh  in  she. 

d,  and  /,  as  well  as  ds  and  ts,  at  the  end  of  words,  are  mute. 

^,  unaccented,  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  generally  silent,  except  in  words  of  two 
Jetters. 


dh,  as  soon. 

cru,  believed. 

cr^,  grown 

du,  due. 

mur,  walL 

mut,  ripe. 

Id,  there. 

ou,  or. 

oil,  where. 

sur,  sure. 

a,  has. 

d,  at,  to. 

/  with  the  accent  aigu  (acute)  sounds  like  a  in  blade,  ^w  oy?    ■■     — 

h  with  the  accent  grave  sounds  like  e  in  where.  ^*L-£^i-lfOBH)^. 

g  sounds  like  g  in  great. 

g  before  e  and  /  sounds  nearly  like  s  in  illusion. 

gn  sounds,  nearly  like  ni  in  pinion. 

g  and  p^  as  well  as  gs  and  /j,  are  mute  at  the  end  of  words. 

h  is  mute  in  most  words. 

/  sounds  like  e  in  me. 

ten  at  the  end  of  words  is  pronounced  nearly  like  ee-ang  in  English. 

//  and  ill  sound  nearly  like  ///  in  million. 

If  il  or  ill  is  preceded  by  another  vowel,  the  /  is  not  pronounced,  and  the  / 
takes  the  liquid  sound. 

j  sounds  like  the  French  g  before  e  and  i. 

o  sounds  generally  like  o  in  not. 

ou  is  sounded  like  oo  in  school. 

oi  and  ui  have  no  adequate  sound  in  English. 

on^  om^  are  prononced  nearly  like  ong  in  strong. 

oin  has  nearly  the  sound  of  oang  in  English,  pronounced  in  one  syllable. 

qu  sounds  like  k  in  English. 

s  between  two  vowels  sounds  like  z  in  zeal. 

ss  sounds  like  strong  s. 

un.  utn^  are  sounded  nearly  like  un  in  unction. 

V  sounds  like  the  English  v. 

X  sounds  like  the  English  x  in  tax. 

X  and  s  at  the  end  of  words  are  mute. 

z  sounds  like  the  English  z  in  zeal. 

The  terminations  er  and  ez  sound  like  /. 

In  the  monosyllables  je^  me,  te^  le,  ne^  de^  ce,  que^  as  well  as  in  lorsgue,  puisque^ 
quoique,  the  e  sounds  like  u  in  but.     In  les^  meSy  tes,  ces,  it  sounds  like  ^. 

In  double  consonants,  only  one  is  pronounced. 

Accents  or  Stress. 

The  stress  on  a  particular  syllable  of  a  word  generally  takes  place  in  French  on 
ihe  last  syllable  of  a  word,  or  on  the  penultimate,  if  the  last  syllable  ends  with  an 
e  unaccented;  as  timfiert^,  pride;  ro  in  rose;  va  in  avare,  avaricious;  ri  in  avarice. 

It  takes  place  also  on  certain  syllables,  formed  of  full-sounding  or  sonorous 
vowels,  which  may  be  the  penultimate  of  dissylables  or  the  antepenultimate  of  poly- 
syllables; 3.s/ran  in  Franqais^  va  in  U^vation. 

Union  of  Words. 

For  the  sake  of  euphony  the  final  consonant  of  a  word  is  sounded  with  the  ini- 
tial vowel  of  the  following  word,  as  in  vos^^amis,  your  friends. 

This  union  of  words  takes  place  whenever  thdy  are  so  connected  with  each 
other  that  there  can  be  no  pause  between  them ;  as,  vous^tes^^jin^^n/ant^  you  are 
a  child. 

T  of  the  conjunction  <?/,  and,  is  never  sounded. 

Division  of  Words  into  Syllables. 

■ 

In  French  words  a  consonant  between  two  vowels  is  always  joined  to  the  fol- 
lowing vowel  or  vowels,  as  in  a-to-me,  atom ;  i-gno-rant  {gn  is  here  a  liquid  conso- 
nant) ;  i-nu-ti-le,  useless  ;  d-toi-le,  star. 

When  there  are  several  consonants,  the  first  is  joined  to  the  preceding  vowel ; 
as  in  ac-teur,  actor;  al-pha-bet. 

L  and  r,  after  a  consonant,  generally  belong  to  the  following  vowel,  as  in  ta- 
bleau^ picture;  pa-trie^  country. 


—  6 


A,  a  -==  el. 

B,  b  ==  bi. 

C,  C  =  ci. 

D,  d  ==  di. 

E,  e  =  i. 

F,  f  =-  eff. 

G,  g  =  dji. 
H,  h  =  aitch. 
I,    i  =  al. 


S,  s  ==  esse. 
T,  t  =  ti. 
U,  u  =  iou. 
V,  V  «=  vi. 
W,w=*  deubliou. 
X,  X  =  ex. 
Y,  y  =  ouai'. 
Z,  z  =  zed. 


LEgONS    fiL^MENTAIRES 

DK 

PKONONCIATION 

SUR  LA  LANGUE  ANGLAISE  ENSEIGNJfcE  AUX  FRANCAIS. 

ALPHABET  ANGLAIS 

L'Alphabet  anglais  se  compose  de  vingt-six  lettres. 

K,  k  ==  k6. 
L,  1   «=  elle. 
M,  m  »=  emme. 
N,  u  =^  enne. 
O,  o  ==  6. 
P,  p  =  pi. 
Q,  q  =  kiou. 
R,  r  =  ar. 

Les  voyelles  sont  :  «,  e,  i,  o,  w,  ainsi  que  y  et  to  d.  la  fin  d'une  syllable. 
Toutes  les  autres  sont  des  consonnes. 

Remakques  sue  le  Th.  —  Th  a  le  son  dur  comma  dans  thick,  ^pais  / 
et  plus  souvent  le  son  doux  comme  dans  the  le,  la^  les. 

Pour  prononcer  le  th  doux,  dans  le  mot  the  qui  precede,  vous  portez  la 
langue  un  peu  entre  les  dents,  en  essayant  de  prononcer  le  z  frangais. 

Pour  prononcer  le  th  dur,  vous  proc^dez  de  la  meme  fagon,  seulement  au 
lieu  de  prononcer  th  comme  si  c'^tait  un  s,  vous  le  prononcez  comme  si 
c'^tait  un  s  frauQais,  en  maintenant,  au  d^but,  la  langue  plus  fortemcHt 
entre  les  dents,  de  mani^re  k  produire  une  esp6ce  de  vague  sifflement. 

Dans  I'article  the,  la  prononciation  de  1'e  tient  de  Vi  fran^ais  long 
quand  le  mot  suivant  commence  par  une  voyelle  et  de  Ve  muet  quand  il 
commence  par  une  consonne. 

Observation.  On  ne  pent  apprendre  la  prononciation  d'une  langue 
qu'en  entendant  parler  cette  langue.  Des  regies  norabreuses  sur  la  pro- 
nonciation anglaise  ne  font  que  la  rendre  plus  difficile,  et  occupent  une 
place  qu'on  peut  mieux  employer. 


VOCABULAIRE 

FRANC AIS  ET  ANGLAIS, 

COMPBENANT 

Les  mots  les  plus  e  n  usage  dans  les  deux  Langues, 


SECTION  L 

DU   MONDE   EN   GfiNfiRAL 

Of  the  World  in  General. 


Dieu,  m. 

God 

le  Cr^ateur, 

the  Creator 

le  R6dempteur, 

the  Redeemer 

le  ciel, 

the  heaven 

le  soleil, 

the  sun 

la  lune, 

the  moon 

une  ^toile, 

a  star 

les  ^toiles, 

the  stars 

une  plan^te, 

a  planet 

les  plan^tes, 

the  planets 

la  mer, 

the  sea 

une  riviSre, 

a  river 

une  source, 

a  spring 

une  fontaine. 

a  fountain 

une  raontagne, 

a  mountain 

une  coUine, 

a  hill 

une  valine, 

a  valley 

une  plaine, 

a  plain 

un  61^ment, 

an  element 

les  6l6raents, 

the  elements 

—  le  feu, 

the  fire 

—  rair. 

the  air 

—  la  terre, 

the  earth 

—  Peau,  f. 

the  water 

le  temps, 

the  time 

le  jour, 

the  day 

la  nuit, 

the  night 

le  matin, 

the  morning 

rapr6s-midi,  f. 

afternoon 

le  soir, 

the  evening 

un  an  or      ) 
une  ann^e  j 

a  year 

une  derai-ann^e, 

half  a  year 

un  mois. 

a  month 

les  mois  de 

the  months  of 

I'ann^e, 

the  year 

Janvier, 

January 

F^vrier, 

February 

Mars, 

March 

Avril, 

April 

Mai, 

May 

Juin, 

June 

Juillet, 

July 

Aofit  pr.  00 

August 

Septerabre, 

September 

Octobre, 

October 

Novembre, 

November 

D6cembre, 

December 

une  semaine. 

a  week 

les  jours  de  la 

the  days 

semaine, 

of  the  week 

r.undi. 

Monday 

Mardi, 

Tuesday 

Mercredi, 

Wednesday 

Jeudi, 

Thursday 

Vendredi, 

Friday 

Samedi, 

Saturday 

Dimanche, 

Sunday 

une  heure,  (mute) 

an  hour 

un  moment. 

a  moment 

une  saison, 

a  season 

les  quatre  ) 
saisons     ) 

the  four 

seasons 

—  le  printemps, 

the  spring 

—  r^t6,  m. 

the  summer 

—  I'automne,  ra. 

the  autumn 

—  I'hiver,  m. 

the  winter 

le  vent, 

the  wind 

les  quatre  vents. 

the  four  winds 

—  rOrient,  m. 

the  East 

—  I'Oocident,  ra. 

the  West 

—  le  Midi, 

the  South 

—  le  Septentrion, 

the  North 

une  nuee  or  nue, 

a  cloud 

un  brotiillard. 

a  fog 

un  orage. 

a  storm 

un  Eclair, 

lightning 

le  tonnerre, 

thunder 

—  8  — 


I'arc-en-ciel,  the  rain  bow 

une  ond^e,  a  shower 

la  pluie,  the  rain 

la  greie,  the  hail 

la  neige,  the  snow 

la  glace,  the  ice 

le  degel,  the  thaw 

la  ros^e,  the  dew 

SECT.  II. 

d'uN    pays   KN    GfiNfiRAL. 

Of  a  Country  in  General. 


Un  empire, 
un  royaume, 
une  r^publique, 
PKurope,  f. 
TAsie,  f. 
I'Afrique,  f. 
I'Amerique,  f. 
la  France, 
TAngleterre,  f. 
I'Ecosse,  f. 
I'Jrlande,  f. 
I'Espagne,  f. 
le  Portugal, 
ritalie,  f. 
la  HoUande, 
I'Allemagne,  f. 
la  Pologne, 
la  Su^de, 
le  Danemarck, 
une  capitale, 
Paris, 
Londres, 
Edimbourg, 
Dublin, 
Madrid, 
Lisbonne, 
Rome, 
Amsterdam, 
Vienne, 
Cracovie, 
Stockholm, 
Copenhague, 
une  nation, 
un  Europ^en, 
un  Asiatique, 
un  Africain, 
un  Am^ricain, 
un  Frangais, 
un  Anglais, 
un  Eoossais, 


an  empire 

a  kingdom 

a  republic 

Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

America 

France 

England 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Spain 

Portugal 

Italy 

Holland 

Germany 

Peland 

Sweden 

Denmark 

a  capital 

Paris 

London 

Edinburg 

Dublin 

Madrid 

Lisbon 

Rome 

Amsterdam 

Vienna 

Cracow 

Stockholm 

Copenhagen 

a  nation 

an  European 

an  Asiatic 

an  African 

an  American 

a  Frenchman 

an  Englishman 

a  Scotchman 


un  Irlandais, 
un  Espagnol, 
un  Portugais, 
un  Italien, 
un  Hollandais, 
un  Allemand, 
un  Polonais, 
un  Su^dois,  ip-a) 
un  Danois,  {p-a) 
une  langue, 
I'H^breu, 
le  Grec, 
le  Latin, 
le  Fran^ais, 
I'Anglais,  m. 
I'Ecossais,  m. 
rirlandais,  m. 
I'ltalien,  m. 
I'Espagnol,  m, 
1' Allemand,  m. 
un  village, 
une  paroisse,  {pa) 
un  hameau, 
une  m^tairie, 
un  champ, 
un  pr6, 
un  verger, 
un  jardin, 
une  maison, 


an  Irishman 

a  Spaniard 

a  Portuguese 

an  Italian 

a  Dutchman 

a  German 

a  Pole 

a  Swede 

a  Dane 

a  language 

the  Hebrew 

the  Greek 

the  Latin 

the  French 

the  English 

the  Scotch 

the  Irish 

the  Italian 

the  Spanish 

the  German 

a  village 

a  parish 

a  hamlet 

a  farm 

a  field 

a  meadow 

an  orchard 

a  garden 

a  house 


SECT.  III. 

d'uNE   VILLE   en   GfiNfiRAL. 


Of  a  Town 

Une  ville, 
une  cit6, 
ville  fortifi^e, 
gros  bourg,  m. 
port  de  mer,  m. 
une  rue, 
une  cour, 
une  place, 
le  march^, 
I'hotel  de  ville, 
une  ^glise, 
une  hotellerie, 
une  auberge, 
un  cabaret, 
une  taverne, 
un  caf6, 
la  com^die, 
la  prison, 


in  General, 

a  town 

a  city 

fortified  town 

market  town 

sea  port 

a  street 

a  yard 

a  square 

the  market 

the  town  house 

a  church 

an  inn 

an  eating  house 

a  public  house 

a  tavern 

a  cofi:'ee- house 

the  play-house 

a  jail 


9  — 


les  portes, 
un  pont, 
les  faubourgs, 
les  habitants, 
un  art, 
art  liberal, 
art  mecanique, 

a  theologie, 

a  philosophie, 

a  m6  .'ecine, 

a  chirurgie, 

e  droit,  (o-a) 

a  rh^terique, 

a  po^sie, 

'astronomie,  f. 

'arithm^tique,  f. 

'algebra,  ra. 

a  g^om^trie, 

a  g^ographie, 

'architecture,  f. 

a  navigation, 

a  musique, 

a  chimie, 

a  peinture, 

a  sculpture, 
raprimerie, 

a  danse, 

'^criture,  f. 
un  th^oiogien, 
un  philosophe, 
un  historien, 
un  m^decin, 
un  chirurgien, 
un  apothicaire, 
un  avocat, 
un  orateur, 
un  poete, 
un  astronome, 
un  g^omStre, 
un  geographe, 
un  architecte, 
un  ing<5nieur, 
un  musicien, 
un  chimiste,  (shi) 
un  peiHtre, 
un  statuaire, 
un  sculpteur, 
un  impriraeur, 
maitre  de  danse, 
maitre  de  musique, 
maitre  d'^cole, 
un  sous-maitre, 


the  gates 

a  bridge 

the  suburbs 

the  inhabitants 

an  art 

liberal  art 

mechanic  art 

theology 

philosophy 

pbysie 

surgery 

law 

rhetoric 

poetry 

astronomy 

arithmetic 

algebra 

geometry 

geography 

architecture 

navigation 

music 

chemistry 

painting 

carving 

printing 

dancing 

writing 

a  theologian 

a  philosopher 

a  historian 

a  physician 

a  surgeon 

an  apothecary 

a  lawyer 

an  orater 

a  poet 

an  astronomer 

a  geometrician 

a  geographer 

an  architect 

an  engineer 

a  musician 

chemist 

a  painter 

statuary 

a  carver 

a  printer 

dancing-master 

music-teacher 

school-master 

an  useer 


un  4colier,  a  scholar 

un  com^dien,  a  stage-player 

un  bourgeois,  {p-a)  a  citizen 

un  artisan,  a  tradesman 

un  n^gociant,  a  merchant 

un  joaillier,  a  jeweller 

un  mercier,  a  mercer 

un  marchand  drapier,  a  woolen-draper 
un  marchand  de  toile,  a  linen-draper 
un  marchand  de  soie,      a  silk  mercer 


un  parfumeur, 
un  confiseur, 
un  Spicier, 

un  orf^vre    t 

un  chapelier, 
un  colporteur, 
un  libraire, 
un  relieur, 
un  barbier, 
un  perruquier, 
uo  horloger, 
un  boutonnier, 
un  graveur, 
un  vitrier, 
un  verrier,' 
un  chandelier, 
un  brodeur, 
un  tapissier, 
un  fripier, 
un  gantier, 
un  coutelier, 
un  fourbisseur, 
un  potier  d'^tain, 
un  chaudronnier, 
un  drouineur, 
un  forgeron, 
un  serrurier, 
un  mardchal, 
un  sellier, 
un  vanier, 
un  tailleur, 
un  cordonnier, 
un  savetier, 
un  tourneur, 
un  charpentier, 
un  menuisier, 
un  magon, 
un  meunier, 
un  boulanger. 


un 


;issier. 


un  rotisseur, 


a  perfumer 

a  confectioner 

a  grocer 

a  goldsmith  or 

silversmith* 

a  hatter 

a  peddler 

a  bookseller 

a  bookbinder 

a  barber 

a  wig  maker 

a  watch  maker 

a  button  maker 

an  engraver 

a  glazier 

a  glass  maker 

a  tallow  chandler 

an  embroiderer 

an  upholsterer 

a  clothes-broker 

a  glover 

a  cutler 

a  sword  cutler 

a  pewterer 

a  brazier 

a  tinker 

a  smith 

a  blacksmith 

a  farrier 

a  saddler 

a  basket  maker 

a  tailor 

a  shoe  maker 

a  cobler 

a  turner 

a  carpenter 

a  joiner 

a  mason 

a  miller 

a  baker 

a  pastry  cook 

a  cook 


~  10 


un  boucher, 

un  poissonnier, 

un  brasseur, 

un  aubergiste, 

un  tonnelier, 

un  messager, 

un  courrier, 

un  postilion, 

un  batelier, 

un  bahutier, 

un  bonnetier, 

un  passementier, 

un  tisserand, 

un  teinturier, 

un  pelletier, 

un  corroyeur, 

un  tanneur, 

un  cordier, 

un  6pinglier, 

un  fondeur, 

un  foulon, 

un  cocher, 

un  porteur  de  chaise, 

un  crocheteur, 

un  mendiant, 

un  instrument, 

un  crayon, 

un  pinceau, 

un  outil, 

un  marteau, 

un  maillet, 

des  tenailles,  f. 

un  foret, 

un  vilebrequin, 

une  lime, 

une  scie, 

unr»  hache, 

une  cogn^e, 

un  ciseau, 

des  ciseaux. 


a  butcher 

a  fish  monger 

a  brewer 

an  inn  keeper 

a  cooper 

a  carrier 

a  messenger 

a  post-boy 

a  waterman 

a  trunk  maker 

a  cap  maker 

a  lace  maker 

a  weaver 

a  dyer 

a  skinner 

a  currier 

a  tanner 

a  rope  maker 

a  pin  maker 

a  founder 

a  fuller 

a  coachman 

a  chairman 

a  street  porter 

a  beggar 

an  instrument 

a  pencil 

a  brush 

a  tool 

a  hammer 

a  mallet 

pincers 

a  gimblet 

a  wimble 

a  file 

a  saw 

an  axe 

a  hatchet 

a  chisel 

scissors 


SECT.  IV. 

d'uNE   MAISON-   en   GfiNfiEAL. 

Of  a  House  in  General. 


Une  maison, 
un  h6tel, 
un  appentis, 
un  batiment, 
la  muraille, 
le  fondement, 
un  coin. 


a  house 

a  nobleman's  house 

a  shed 

a  building 

the  wall 

the  foundation 

a  corner 


un  auvent,  a  pent-house 

un  plancher,  a  floor 

le  plafond,  the  ceiling 

un  abat-jour,  a  sky  light 

une  boutique,  a  shop 

un  6tage,  a  story 

le  premier  6tage,  the  first  story 

un  bas  ^tage,  a  ground  floor 

le  grenier,  the  jrarret 

le  toit,  {p-d)  the  roof 

un  appartement,  a  lodging 

I'escalier,  the  stairs 

une  porte,  a  door  or  gate 

porte  de  devant,  fore  door 

porte  de  derri^re,  back  door 

le  seuil,  the  threshold 

un  guichet,  a  wicket 

un  gond,  a  hinge 

un  marteau,  a  knocker 

une  serrure,  a  lock 

une  cl4  ou  clef,  a  key 

un  verrou,  a  bolt 

un  loquet,  a  latch 

le  vestibule,  the  hall 

le  salon,  the  parlor 

une  chambre,  a  room 

un  cabinet,  a  closet 

une  6tude,  a  study 
une  salle  4  manger,       a  dining  room 

une  biblioth^que,  a  library 

une  garde-robe,  a  ward  robe 

un  balcon,  a  balcony 

une  fenetre,  a  window 
les  vitres,  f.  the  glass  windows 
une  fenetre  4  chassis,  a  sash  window 


les  volets,  m. 
la  d^pense, 
la  sommellerie, 
la  cuisine, 
le  garde- manger, 
le  lavoir,  {p-a) 
la  lingerie, 
la  brasserie, 
la  boulangerie, 
le  bucher, 
le  four, 
la  cave, 
la  cour, 
un  puits, 
I'^curie,  f. 
les  lieux,  m.  leg 
commodit6s. 


leg) 
Sf.[ 


the  shutters 

the  buttery 

the  pantry 

the  kitchen 

the  larder 

the  scullery 

the  laundry 

the  brew  house 

the  bake  house 

the  wood  house 

the  oven 

the  cellar 

the  yard 

a  well 

the  stable 

the  water 

closet 


11  — 


un  jardin, 

a  garden 

une  remise, 

a  coach  house 

un  atelier, 

a  work  shop 

un  magasin. 

a  warehouse 

une  poutre. 

a  beam 

un  soliveau, 

a  joint 

une  iatte. 

a  lath 

un  ais, 

a  board 

une  planche, 

a  shelf 

la  boiserie, 

the  wainscot 

une  pierre, 

a  stone 

pierre  de  taille. 

a  free-stone 

une  brique, 

a  brick 

une  tuile. 

a  tile 

une  ardoise,  (o-a) 

a  slate 

du  mortier. 

mortar 

de  la  chaux, 

lime 

du  sable. 

sand 

les  meubles, 

the  goods 

la  garniture. 

the  furniture 

la  tapisserie, 

the  tapestry 

un  tableau. 

a  picture 

un  n)iroir,  (o-a) 

a  looking  glass 

une  bordure, 

a  frame 

un  si6ge. 

a  seat 

une  chaise, 

a  chair 

un  fauteuil, 

an  arm  chair 

un  tabouret. 

a  stool 

un  escabeau. 

a  joint  stool 

un  marchepied, 

a  foot  stool 

un  banc, 

a  bench 

un  coussin. 

a  cushion 

un  tapis, 

a  carpet 

une  nappe, 

a  table  cloth 

une  assiette. 

a  plate 

une  serviette, 

a  napkin 

un  couteau, 

a  knife 

une  game. 

a  sheath 

une  fourchette. 

a  fork 

une  cuiller  ou  cuilli^re,           a  spoon 

une  sali^re, 

a  salt  cellar 

un  plat, 

a  dish 

une  6cuelle, 

a  porringe 

une  sauci^re, 

a  saucer 

un  essuie-raains, 

a  towel 

une  bouteille, 

a  bottle 

une  carafe, 

a  decanter 

un  verre, 

a  glass 

une  chandelle, 

a  candle 

une  bougie. 

a  wax  candle 

un  chandelier. 

a  candle-stick 

les  mouchettes,  f. 

the  snuffers 

un  gu^ridon, 
un  binet, 
un  panier, 
nne  corbeille, 
une  cruche, 
une  cuvette, 
un  vaisseau, 
une  barrique, 
un  pergoir,  (o-a) 
un  buffet, 
une  armoire, 
une  commode, 
un  tiroir,  (o-a) 
un  coffre, 
une  boite, 
une  caisse, 
une  valise, 
un  lit, 
la  couche, 
colonnes  de  lit,  f. 
ciel-de-lit,  m. 
le  fond-du-lit, 
le  chevet, 
lit-de-plumes, 
une  paillasse, 
un  matelas, 
un  oreiller, 
les  couvertures,  f. 
les  draps,  m. 
les  rideaux,  m. 
la  ruelle  du  lit, 
la  bassinoirej 
lit  de  parade, 
lit  de  repos, 
lit  de  camp, 
un  berceau, 
une  iiatte, 
des  vergettep^  ) 
une  brosse,       J 
la  chemin^e, 
Patre,  m. 
la  grille  de  fer, 
les  chenets, 
le  souffiet, 
les  pincettes, 
la  pelle, 
le  fourgon, 
le  garde-cendres, 
un  6cran, 
un  par  avent, 
le  feu, 
la  ffamme, 


a  stand 

a  save-all 

a  basket 

a  flat  basket 

a  pitcher 

a  cistern 

a  vessel 

a  barrel 

a  piercer 

a  cupboard 

a  clothes  press 

a  chest  of  drawere 

a  drawer 

a  trunk 

a  box 

a  chest 

portmanteau 

a  bed 

the  bedstead 

bed  posts 

top  of  the  bed 

the  tester 

the  bolster 

feather  bed 

a  straw  bed 

a  mattress 

a  pillow 

bed  clothes 

the  sheets 

the  curtains 

the  bedside 

warming  pan 

a  state  bed 

a  couch 

a  field  bed 

a  cradle 

a  mat 

a  brush 

the  chimney 

hearth 

the  grate 

the  andirons 

the  bellows 

the  tongs 

the  fire  shovel 

the  poker 

the  fender 

a  small  screen 

a  folding  screen 

the  fire 

the  blaze 


—  12  — 


une  6tincelle, 

a  spark 

SECT. 

■  v. 

du  bois,  {o-a) 

wood 

DU   GKNEE 

HITMAIN-. 

un  fagot, 
une  bftche, 

a  faggot 
a  billet 

Of  Mankind. 

du  charbon. 

coal 

Un  homme, 

a  man 

charbon  de  terre, 

pit-coal 

homme  ag^. 

man  i^  years 

charbon  de  bois, 

charcoal 

un  vieillard. 

an  old  man 

un  tison. 

a  firebrand 

une  femme, 

a  woman 

les  cendres. 

the  ashes 

femme  ag^e, 

woman  in  years 

la  fum^e. 

the  smoke 

une  vieille. 

an  old  woman 

la  suie, 

the  soot 

un  enfant. 

a  child 

b6ite-a-fusil,  f. 

tinder  box 

jetit  enfant, 

a  little  child 

la  meche,  I'amadou, 

tinder 

es  enfants, 

the  children 

une  alluraette. 

a  match 

un  gargon, 

a  boy,  lad 

une  pierre-^-feu, 

a  flint 

une  fille. 

a  girl,  lass 

le  briquet,  ) 
le  fusil,        \ 

the  steel 

jeune  homme, 
jeune  fille. 

young  man 
young  girl 

un  chaudron, 

a  kettle 

es  jeunes  gens. 

young  people 

une  raarmite, 

porridge  pot 

I'enfance,  f. 

childhood 

le  couvercle, 

the  lid 

la  jeunesse. 

youth 

le  manche. 

the  handle 

la  virility, 

manhood 

Fanse,  (d'un  pot,  &c. 

)                the  ear 

la  vieillesse. 

old  age 

une  6cumoire, 

a  skimmer 

un  maitre. 

a  master 

une  cuiller-a-pot, 

a  ladle 

une  maitresse, 

a  mistress 

un  tr^pied. 

a  trivet 

le  mari. 

the  husband 

un  coquemar. 

a  boiler 

la  femme. 

the  wife 

un  poelon, 

a  skillet 

un  tuteur, 

a  guardian 

une  po^le. 

a  frying-pan 

un  or  une  pupille, 

a  minor 

une  casserole, 

a  stew-pan 

rh6te, 

the  landlord 

une  tourti6re, 

a  baking-pan 

un  valet. 

a  footman 

un  gril. 

a  gridiron 

une  servante, 

a  servant  maid 

une  broche. 

a  spit 

les  domestiques. 

the  servants 

une  brochette, 

a  skewer 

le  p6re, 

the  father 

une  Mchefrite, 

a  dripping  pan 

la  m^re, 

the  mother 

un  tournebroche, 

a  jack 

le  fils, 

the  son 

un  r^chaud. 

a  chafingdish 

la  fille. 

the  daughter 

un  potager,    ) 
nn  fourneau,  ) 

a  stove 

le  fr6re, 

the  brother 

la  soeur, 

the  sister 

un  mannequin, 
un  seau, 

a  hamper 
a  pail 

I'ain^,  m.  ) 
Pain^e,  f.  f 

the  eldest 

un  balai, 

a  broom 

le  cadet,     ) 
la  cadette,  j 

the  younger 

un  torchon. 

a  dusting  cloth 

un  couloir,  (o-a) 

a  cullender 

le  grand-p6re, 

grand  father 

une  passoire,  (o-a) 

a  strainer 

la  grand'm^re, 

grand  mother 

une  rape, 

a  grater 

la  petite-fille, 

grand  daughter 

un  mortier, 

a  mortar 

les  parents, 

the  relations 

un  pilon. 

a  pestle 

un  oncle. 

an  uncle 

un  tamis, 

a  sieve 

une  tante, 

an  aunt 

un  aac, 

a  bag 

un  neveu. 

a  nephew 

un  cuvier,  une  cuve. 

a  tub 

une  niSce, 
un  cousin,      ) 
une  cousine,  j 

a  niece 

a  cousin 

—  is- 


le beau-pere, 
la  belle-m^re, 
le  beau-fils, 
la  belie-fille, 
le  beau-fr^re, 
la  belle-sceur, 
le  parrain, 
la  marraine, 
un  filleul, 
une  fiUeule, 
une  araie,  f.  ) 
un  ami,  m.     ) 
un  compagnon,  ra. 


une  compagne, 
une  voisine,  f. 
un  voisin,  m. 


f-  y 


father-in-law 

mother-in-law 

son-in-law 

daughter-in-law 

brother  in-law 

sister-in-law 

the  god-father 

the  god-mother 

a  god-son 

a  god-daughter 

a  friend 
a  companion 
a  neighbor 


SECT.  VI. 

DE8   PARTIES    DU    CORPS,    &C. 

0/^/ie  Parts  of  the  Body,  ^c. 


Le  corps, 

un  membre, 

la  teie, 

le  visage, 

le  front, 

les  traits,  m. 

Pceil,  m. 

les  yeux, 

le  sourcil, 

la  paupi6re, 

la  prunelle  de  I'oeil, 

le  nez, 

les  narines,  f. 

la  joue, 

une  fossette, 

la  l^vre, 

l6vre  de  dessus, 

l6vre  de  dessous, 

la  bouche, 

une  dent, 

les  dents, 

dents  oei litres, 

dents  machelidres, 

la  gencive, 

la  machoire,  (oa) 

le  palais, 

le  gosier,  ) 

la  gorge,   \ 

Toreille, 

la  tempe, 

le  menton, 

le  cou  ou  col, 


the  body 

the  limb 

the  head 

the  face 

the  forehead 

the  features 

the  eye 

the  eyes 

the  eye-brow 

the  eye-lid 

the  eye-ball 

the  nose 

the  nostrils 

the  cheek 

a  dimple 

the  lip 

upper  lip 

under  lip 

the  mouth 

a  tooth 

the  teeth 

eye  teeth 

grinders 

the  gum 

the  jaw 

the  palate 

the  throat 

the  ear 

the  temple 

the  chin 

the  neck 


le  sein, 

la  poitrine, 

l'6paule,  f. 

le  bras, 

bras  droit, 

bras  gauche, 

I'aisselle,  f. 

le  coude, 

le  poignet, 

le  poing, 

la  main, 

main-droite, 

main  gauche, 

le  doigt, 

petit-doigt, 

doigt  du  milieu, 

le  pouce, 

une  jointure, 

I'ongle,  ra. 

le  ventre, 

le  nombril, 

le  dos, 

rapine  du  dos,  f. 

les  reins,  m. 

le  c6td, 

une  c6te, 

la  ceinture, 

la  hanche, 

Paine,  f. 

la  cuisse, 

le  genou, 

le  j arret, 

la  jambe, 

le  moUet,  ) 

le  gras,      \ 

le  pied,     . 

la  cheville,  (du  pied) 

la  plante,  (du  pied) 

le  talon, 

le  cou-de-pied, 

I'orteil,  m. 

doigts  du  pied, 

la  peau, 

un  OS, 

la  moelle, 

la  chair, 

la  graisse, 

le  sang, 

une  veine, 

une  art^re, 

les  pores,  m. 

un  nerf, 


the  bosom 

the  breast 

the  shoulder 

the  arm 

right  arm 

left  arm 

the  armpit 

the  elbow 

the  wrist 

the  fist 

the  hand 

right  hand 

left  hand 

the  finger 

little  finger 

middle  finger 

the  thumb 

a  joint 

the  nail 

the  belly 

the  navel 

the  back 

the  back  bone 

the  loins 

the  side 

a  rib 

the  waist 

the  hip 

the  groin 

the  thigh 

the  knee 

the  ham 

the  leg 

the  calf  of 

the  leg 

the  foot 

the  ankle 

the  sole 

the  heel 

the  instep 

the  great  toe 

the  toes 

the  skin 

a  bone 

the  marrow 

the  flesh 

the  fat 

the  blood 

a  vein 

an  artery 

the  pores 

the  sinew 


14  — 


un  muscle, 

le  crane, 

le  cerveau, 

les  entrailles,  f. 

I'estomac,  m. 

les  Doyaux,  m. 

le  coBur, 

les  poumons,  in. 

le  foie, 

les  rognons,  m. 

la  rate. 

le  fiel, 

la  vessie, 

les  cheveux,  m. 

chevelure,  la. 

la  barbe, 

une  larme, 

la  salive, 

I'haleine,  f. 

la  voix, 

la  parole, 

un  g^missement, 

un  soupir, 

Peternuement,  m. 

le  hoquet, 

le  sommeil, 

le  ronflement, 

la  beauts, 

la  laideur, 

I'embonpoint,  m. 

la  maigreur, 

la  sant^j 

la  taille, 

I'air,  m. 

la  d-marche, 

le  port, 

le  geste, 

une  grimace, 

les  cinq  sens,  m. 

—  la  vue, 

—  I'ouie,  m. 

—  I'odorat,  m. 

—  le  goCit, 

—  le  toucher, 
des  engelures,  f. 
une  brdlure, 

un  rhume, 
une  toux, 
un  mal-de-tete, 
un  mal  de-gorge, 
une  dartre, 
une  verrue, 


a  muscle 
the  scull 
the  brain 
the  entrails 
the  stomach 
the  bowels 
the  heart 
the  lungs 
the  liver 
the  kidneys 
the  spleen 
the  gall 
the  bladder 
the  hair 
head  of  hair 
the  beard 
a  tear 
the  spittle 
the  breath 
the  voice 
the  speech 
a  groan 
a  sigh 
sneezing 
the  hiccough 
sleep 
snoring 
beauty 
ugliness 
plumpness 
leanness 
health 
the  shape 
the  looks 
the  gait 
the  carriage 
the  action 
grimace 
the  five  senses 
the  sight 
the  hearing 
the  smell 
the  taste 
the  feeling 
chilblains 
a  burn,  a  scald 
a  cold 
a  cough 
a  headache 
a  sore  throat 
a  tetter 
a  wart 


une  ride, 
un  bouton, 
une  loupe, 
une  bosse, 
une  entorse, 
une  ^gratignure. 


a  wrinkle 

a  pimple 

a  wen 

a  hunch 

a  sprain 

a  scratch 


SECT.  VII. 

DES   HABILLEMENTS   ET   DES   CH0SE8 
QU'ON    PORTE   SUE   SOI. 

Of  the  Apparel  and  Things  which 
are  worn. 

a  suit  of  clothes 

mourning  clothes 

a  cloth  coat 

a  plain  coat 

a  laced  coat 

a  waistcoat 

silk  waistcoat 

satin  waistcoat 

a  waistcoat 


Habit  complet, 

habit  de  deuil, 

un  habit  de  drap, 

un  habit  uni, 

habit  galonn^, 

une  veste, 

veste  de  soie, 

veste  de  satin, 

un  gilet, 

la  (julotte  de  velours,  velvet  breeches 

culotte  de  peau,         leather  breeches 


un  cale9on, 

un  surtout, 

une  redingote, 

un  manteau, 

la  doublure, 

les  boutons,  m. 

boutontii6res,  f. 

une  chemise, 

chemise  blanche, 

chemise  sale, 

chemise  garnie, 

le  collet, 

poignets,  m. 

manchettes,  f. 

le  jabot, 

une  cravate, 

un  col  ou       \ 

tour  de  cou,  \ 

un  bonnet, 

bonnet  de  nuit, 

une  robe  de  chambre, 


drawers 

a  surtout 

a  great  coat 

a  cloak 

the  lining 

the  buttons 

button  holes 

a  shirt  or  shift 

clean  shirt 

dirty  shirt 

ruffled  shirt 

the  neck  (of  a  shirt) 

the  wristbands 

the  ruffles 

the  bosom 

a  neckcloth 

a  stock 


les  bas,  m. 
bas  de  laine, 
bas  de  coton, 
bas  de  soie, 
chaussettss,  f. 


a  cap 

a  night  cap 

a  morning  or 

night  gown 

the  stockings 

worsted  stockings 

cotten  stockings 

silk  stockings 

under  stockings 


chaussons,  m. 

les  jarretieres,  f. 

les  pantoufles, 

les  souliers, 

les  escarpins, 

les  boucles,  f. 

boucles  d'argent, 

boucles  d'acier, 

les  bottes, 

un  tire- bottes, 
les  ^perons, 
des  guetres, 
une  perruque, 
perruque  a  queue, 
perruque  a  bourse, 
perruque  ronde, 
perruque  d  I'abbd, 
un  chapeau, 
chapeau  uni, 
chapeau  galonn^, 
une  cocarde, 
un  niouchoir, 
un  mouchoir  de  poche 

un  mouchoir  de  ecu, 

les  gants,  m. 
gants  de  peau, 
gants  de  soie, 
une  montre, 
montre  d'or, 
montre  d'argent, 
montre  a  r(5p^tition, 

le  cadran, 
Paiguilie,  f. 
la  boite, 
la  chaine, 
le  cordon, 
la  cl4  ou  clef, 
le  crochet, 
le  cachet, 
une  tabati^re, 
une  bague, 
une  bourse, 
une  lorgnette, 
des  lunettes, 
une  ep^e, 
le  ceinturon, 
une  canne, 
un  baton, 
une  baguette, 


socks 
the  garters 
the  slippers 
the  shoes 
the  pumps 
the  buckles 
silver  buckles 
steel  buckles 
the  boots 
boot- jack 
the  spurs 
spatterdashes 
a  wig 
cue-wig 
bag- wig 
round-wig 
bob- wig 
a  hat 
plain  hat 
laced  hat 
a  cockade 
a  handkerchief 
)  a  pocket 

handkerchief 
a  neck  hand- 
kerchief 
the  gloves 
leather  gloves 
silk  gloves 
a  watch 
gold  watch 
silver  watch 
a  repeating 
watch 
the  dial  plate 
the  hour  hand 
the  case 
the  chain 
the  string 
the  key 
the  hook 
the  seal 
a  snuff  box 


15  — 

une  houssine, 
un  fouet, 


a  twig 
a  whip 


DES   HABITS   DE   FEMMES. 

Of  the  Women's  Clothes. 


a  ring 

a  purse 

opera  glass 

spectacles 

a  sword 

the  belt 

a  cane 

a  stick 

a  switch 


une  chemise  de  ) 
femme  j 

une  gorgerette       ) 

un  tour  de  gorge  \ 

les  manches,  f. 

manchettes,  f. 

le  corps, 

un  corset, 

des  brassieres,  f. 

un  laset, 

un  poingon, 

la  pi^ce, 

une  ^chelle  ) 
de  rubans  j* 

une  jupe, 

un  jupon, 

jupon  piqu^j 

un  panier, 

un  fourreau, 

une  robe, 

robe  de  toile, 

robe  de  coton, 
robe  d'indienne, 
robe  de  soie, 
une  ^charpe, 
un  tablier, 
un  mantelet, 
des  mitaines,  f. 
une  coiffure, 
une  cornette, 
un  collier, 
un  dventail, 
des  boucles  ) 
d'oreilles,      j 
des  pendans  ) 
d'oreilles,       J 
un  anneau, 
un  jonc, 
un  bracelet, 
un  bouquet, 
des joyaux, m. 
des  diamans,  m. 
un  porte-feuille. 


a  shift 
a  smock 

a  tucker 

the  sleeves 
ruffles 
the  stays 
a  bodice 
jumps 
a  lace 
a  bodkin 
the  stomacher 
a  stomRcher 
of  ribbons 
a  petticoat 
under-petticoat 
quilted  petticoat 
a  hoop 
a  frock 
a  gown 
linen  gown 
cotton  gown 
calico  gown 
silk  gown 
a  scarf 
an  apron 
a  cloak 
mittens 
a  head  dress 
a  mob 
a  necklace 
a  fan 

ear-rings 

drops  or 

pendants 

a  plain  ring 

a  hoop  ring 

a  bracelet 

a  nosegay 

jewels 

diamonds 

a  pocket-book 


—  16  — 


SECT.  VIII. 

DBS    ALIMENTS   ET   DE   LA    BOISSON. 


Of  Food 

un  pain, 
petit  pain, 
du  pain, 
pain  blanc, 
pain  bis, 
pain  frais, 
pain  rassis, 
de  la  mie, 
de  la  croute, 
une  tranche, 
un  moiceau, 
une  bouch^e, 
du  bouillon, 
de  la  soupe, 
de  la  viande, 
du  bouilli, 
du  roti, 
du  boeuf, 
du  veau, 
du  mouton, 
de  Pagneau, 
du  pore, 
du  lard, 
du  jambon, 
des  saucisses,  f. 
des  trippes,  f. 
une  volaille, 
une  poularde, 
du  poisson, 
de  la  sauce, 
un  oeuf, 
du  sel, 
du  poivre, 
de  la  muscade, 
de  la  moutarde, 
de  I'huile, 
du  vinaigre, 
du  beurre, 
beurre  frais, 
beurre  sal6, 
du  froraage, 
un  biscuit, 
un  gateau, 
un  pat6, 
des  confitures, 
du  Sucre, 
un  flan, 
une  tarte, 


and  Drink, 

a  loaf 

a  roll 

some  bread 

white  bread 

brown  bread 

new  bread 

stale  bread 

some  crumb 

some  crust 

a  slice 

a  bit,  a  morsel 

a  mouthful 

some  broth 

some  soup 

some  meat 

boiled  meat 

roast  meat 

some  beef 

some  veal 

some  mutton 

some  lamb 

some  pork 

some  bacon 

some  ham 

sausages 

some  tripe 

a  fowl 

a  pullet 

some  fish 

some  sauce 

an  egg 

some  salt 

some  pepper 

some  nutmeg 

some  mustard 

some  oil 

some  vinegar 

some  butter 

fresh  butter 

salt  butter 

some  cheese 

a  biscuit 

a  cake 

a  pie 

sweetmeats 

some  sugar 

a  custard 

a  tart 


une  talmouse, 
de  I'eau,  f. 
du  lait, 
du  petit  lait, 
de  la  creme, 
de  la  bi^re, 
biere  forte, 
du  cidre, 
du  poir6, 
du  vin, 
vin  rouge, 
vin  blanc, 
du  th6, 
the  bou, 
th6  vert, 
du  caf6, 
du  chocolal, 
de  I'eau-de-vie, 

SECT. 


a  cheese«cake 

some  water 

some  milk 

some  whey 

some  cream 

some  beer 

strong-beer 

some  cider 

some  perry 

some  wine 

red  wine 

white  wine 

some  tea 

bohea  tea 

green  tea 

some  coffee 

some  chocolate 

some  brandy 

IX. 


DES 


DIVERTISSEMENTS,    &C. 


Of  Plays  and  Diversions^ 


Un  jeu, 

un  passe-temps, 
un  joujou, 
une  balle, 
un  balon, 
un  volant, 
une  raquette, 
une  toupie, 
un  sabot, 
une  corniche, 
une  lani^re, 
un  cerceau, 
une  crecelle, 
un  bilboquet, 
des  marbres, 
un  sifflet, 
une  canonniSre, 
des  ^chasses,  f. 
le  frappe-main, 
le  coupe-tete, 
le  colin-maillard, 
k  pair  ou  non, 

a  croix  ou  pile, 

le  jeu  de  boules, 
le  jeu  de  quilles, 

une  boule, 
le  but, 


a  game,  a  play 

a  pastime 

a  plaything 

a  ball 

a  foot  ball 

a  shuttle-cock 

a  racket 

whirligig 

a  top 

a  gig 
a  lash 
a  hoop 
a  rattle 
cup  and  ball 
marbles 
a  whistle 
a  pop-gun 
stilts 
hot  cock'es 
leap  frog 
blind  man's  buff 
the  game  at  even  or 
odd 
the  game  at  head 
or  tail 
the  game  at  bowls 
the  game  at  nine- 
pins 
a  bowl 
the  jack  at  (bowls) 


- 17  -^ 


une  quille,  a  pin   une  chienne, 

le  jeu  de  barres,    the  game  of  prison   un  cochon, 

bars   un  daim, 
the  game  at   une  daine, 
chuck  farthing   un  ^cureuil, 
push-pin    un  furet, 
the  game  at   une  g^nisse, 
cricket   une  jument, 
a  bat   un  lapin, 
a  kite   un  lievre, 
a  swing   un  lion, 
a  see-saw   un  loup, 
a  game  of  chance   un  raouton, 
a  game  of  skill   un  ours, 
the  game  at  tennis   un  poulain, 
the  game  billiards   un  rat, 

the  game  of  un  renard, 
draughts   un  sanglier, 
a  draught-board    un  singe, 
the  game  of  chess   une  souris, 
a  chess  board    un  taureau, 
a  pack  of  cards   une  truie, 
une  vache, 


le  jeu  de  la  fossette, 

la  poussette, 

le  jeu  de  la  crosse, 


une  crosse, 
un  cerf-volant, 
une  brandilloire, 
une  balan9oire, 
un  jeu  de  hasard, 
un  jeu  d'adresse, 
le  jeu  de  paume, 
le  jeu  de  billard, 
le  jeu  de  dames, 


un  damier, 
le  jeu  des  tehees, 
un  ^chiquier, 
un  jeu  de  cartes, 

un  atout  or    ) 
une  triomphe,  j" 
une  main,  ) 
une  lev<§e,  j 
un  jeton, 
une  fiche, 
des  d^s,  m. 


a  trump 
a  trick 


a  counter 
a  fish 


SECT.  X. 

DES   ANIMAUX   ET    DEE    OlSEAUX, 

0/  Animals  and  Birds, 


Un  animal, 
un  agneau, 
un  ane, 
une  belette, 
un  holier, 
une  biche, 
un  blaireau, 
un  boeuf, 
un  bouc, 
une  brebis, 
un  cerf, 
un  chat, 
une  chatte, 
un  cheval, 
des  chevaux, 
une  chevre, 
une  chevreau, 
un  chien, 


un  veau, 
un  oiseau  (o-a) 
un  aigle, 
une  alouette, 
une  b^casse, 
some  dice   une  b^cassine, 
un  canard, 
un  chardonneret, 
un  eigne, 
un  coq, 
un  corbeau, 
une  corneille, 
un  dinde, 
un  faisan, 
une  hirondelle, 
a  weasel   u^e  linotte, 
a  ram   u^  moineau, 
a  hind  ^mg  Qi^, 
a  badger  un  paon,  {pan) 

an  ox  une  perdrix, 
a  he-goat    un  perroquet, 
an  ewe   une  pie, 
a  stag   un  pigeon, 
a  cat   une  poule, 
a  she-cat   un  poulet, 
a  horse   un  rossignol, 
some  horses   un  serin, 
a  she-goat 
a  kid 
a  dog 


an  animal 
a  lamb 
an  ass 


a  bitch 
a  hog,  a  pig 
a  deer 
a  doe 
a  squirrel 
a  ferret 
a  heifer 
a  mare 
a  rabbit 
a  hare 
a  lion 
a  wolf 
a  sheep 
a  bear 
a  colt 
a  rat 
a  fox 
a  wild  boar 
a  monkey 
a  mouse 
a  bull 
a  sow 
a  cow 
a  calf 
a  bird 
an  eagle 
a  lark 
a  woodcock 
a  snipe 
a  duck 
a  goldfinch 
a  swan 
a  cock 
a  raven 
a  crow 
a  turkey 
a  pheasant 
a  swallow 
a  linnet 
a  sparrow 
a  goose 
a  peacock 
a  partridge 
a  parrot 
a  magpie 
a  pigeon 
a  hen 
a  chickeii^ 
a  nightingale 
a  canary-bird 


—  18  — 


SECT.  XI. 

DES    POISSONS   ET   DES    INSECTES. 

Of  Fishes  and  Insects. 


Un  poisson, 
une  alose, 
un  anchois, 
une  anguille, 
un  barbeau, 
une  barbae, 
un  brochet, 
une  carpe, 
un  carrelet, 
une  crevette, 
une  6crevisse, 
^crevisse  de  mer, 
un  ^perlan, 
un  goujon, 
un  hareng, 
une  huitre, 
une  lirnande, 
un  maquereau, 
une  melette, 
un  merlan, 
une  merluche, 
une  morue, 
une  moule, 
une  perche, 
une  p^itoncle, 
une  plie, 
un  rouget, 
une  sardine, 
un  saumon, 
une  sole, 
une  tanche, 


a  fish 

a  shad 

an  anchovy 

an  eel 

a  barbel 

a  dab 

a  pike,  jack 

a  carp 

a  flounder 

a  shrimp 

a  crawfish 

a  lobster 

a  smelt 

a  gudgeon 

a  herring 

an  oyster 

a  burt,  bret 

a  mackerel 

a  sprat 

a  whiting 

a  haddock 

a  codfish 

a  muscle 

a  perch 

a  cockle 

a  plaice 

a  roach 

a  pilchard 

a  salmon 

a  soal,  sole 

a  tench 


une  truite. 

a  trout         < 

un  turbot, 

a  turbot 

un  insecte. 

an  insect 

une  abeille. 

a  bee         ] 

une  araignee. 

a  spider         ; 

un  bourdon, 

a  drone         • 

une  cantharide, 

a  Spanish  fly 

un  cerf- volant, 

a  horned  beetle         j 

une  chenille, 

a  caterpillar         - 

un  ciron, 

a  hand-worm         *! 

un  cioporte, 

a  wood-louse        \ 

un  cousin. 

a  gnat         ^ 

un  crapaud. 

a  toad 

un  escarbot. 

a  beetle         < 

une  fourmi. 

an  ant 

uu  frelon, 

a  hornet        1 

une  grenouille. 

a  frog        \ 

un  grillon, 

a  cricket        ,■ 

une  guepe. 

a  wasp         \ 

un  hanneton. 

a  cock  chafer 

un  limaQon, 

a  snail        \ 

une  limace, 

a  slug        j 

une  mouche. 

a  fly        \ 

un  papillon, 

a  butterfly        j 

un  perce-oreille, 

an  ear- wig        | 

un  pou. 

a  louse        ^ 

ume  puce, 

a  flea 

une  punaise. 

a  bug        • 

une  sangsue, 

a  leech        , 

une  sauterelle, 

a  grasshopper        ■ 

un  taon, 

an  ox-fly       ,j 

un  ver, 

a  worm        ' 

un  vermisseau. 

a  small  worm        - 

un  ver-a,-soie. 

a  silk-worm        i 

un  ver-luisant. 

a  glow-worm       "; 

une  vip6re, 

a  viper       ^ 

A  LIST  OF  ADJECTIVES  NOT  FOUND  IN  GRAMMARS 

ALPHABETICALLY  ARRANGED 


Abattu,  e. 

abst§me, 

absent,  e. 
absolu,  e. 

abstrait,  e 

absurde, 


faint,  dejected 

j  abstemious,  one  who 

\  drinks  no  wine 

absent 

absolute 

{abstruse,  inat- 
tentive, absent 
nonsensical,  absurd 
accablant,  e.  troublesome,  very  heavy 
,  ,  ,  (  acceptable,  worth 

acceptable,  j  ^     accepting 

accessible,  accessible 

J      ^  {  conniplaisant, 

aocommodant,  e.  |     complying 

accordable,  that  may  be  granted 

ac6phale,         without  a  head  or  chief 

Lc  .  .  -   ,    ,  „    j  a  statue  with- 

"statue  ac^phale  ,  |        ^^^  ^  ^^^^ 


acid,  sharp 

acrimonious 

adorable,  divine 

adoptive 

emollient 

skillful,  dexterous 

adventitious,  causal 

{concerning  aerial 
navigation 
courteous,  aflFable 
full  of  business 
affected 
pathetic 
affectionate,  loving 
full  of  kindness 
"des  maniSres  affecteuses,"      kind 

manners 
trusty 
j  frightful,  dread- 
(         ful,  shocking 
alluring,  enticing 
aged,  stricken  in  years 
an  agent 


acide, 

acrimonieux,  se 
adorable, 
adoptif,  ve. 
adoucissant,  e. 
adroit,  e 
adventif,  ve. 

a^rostatique, 

affable, 
affair 6,  e. 
affect^,  e. 
affectif,  ve. 
affectionn^,  e. 
affectueux,  se. 


affid^,  e. 
affreux,  se. 


agaqant,  e 
%6,  e. 
agent,  e. 


*agent  de  change",  a  stock  broker 
aigre,  sour,  shrill,  sharp,  severe 


ail6,  e. 
aimantin,  e. 

aind,  e. 


winged 
magnetic 
eldest  brother,  m. 
eldest  sister,  f. 


aimable. 


amiable,  agreeable 
lovely,  charming 
aise,  glad,  jouful,  well  pleased,  happy 
easy,  convenient,  in 
easy  circumstances 
dreadful,  alarming 
brisk,  lively 
j  cheerful,  watchful, 
(     upon  one's  guard 
j  used  only  in  the 


ais6,  e. 

alarm  ant,  e. 
alSgre^ 

alerte, 

alis^  or  aliz6, 

"les  vents  alis^s,"   (      "trade  winds" 
alit^,  e,  bed  ridden 

alt^r^,  e.  thirsty,  dry 

altier,  e.  proud,  haughty 

ambigu,  e.  ambiguous,  equivosal 

ambitieux,  se.  ambitious 

ambulant,  e.  strolling,  roving 

un  com^dien  ambulant,       a  strolling 

player 
bitter 
friendly,  courteous 
kind,  friendly 


amer,  e. 
ami,  e. 
amiable, 

k  I'amiable, 


{amicably,  in  a 
friendly  manner 
in  love,  smitten, 
fond  or,  amorous 
ample,  large,  wide,  plentiful 

ampouM,  e.       bombastic,  high-flown 
analogue,  analogous 

ancien,  ne.     afticient,  of  former  times, 
angelique,  angelical 

angulaire,  angular 

"Pierre  angulaire,"      Corner  stone 
j  relishing,  love- 
(       ly,  desirable 
j  ardent,  very  hot,, 
(       fierce,  violent 
slate  colored, 
dry,  barren,  unfruitful 
bent  like  a  bow,  crooked 

{sure,  confident, 
bold,  certain 
atrocious,  highly  wicked 
covetous,  near,  selfish, 
hit,  struck,  etc, 
contiguous 
mitigating,  weakening' 


app^tissant,  e. 

ardent,  e. 

ardois^,  e. 
aride, 
arqu^,  e. 

assure,  e. 

atroce, 
attache,  e. 
atteint,  e. 
attenant,  e. 
att^nuant,  e 


—  ^0  — 


attractive   calme, 
sad,  afflicting  camus,  e. 
auguste,  majestic,  sacred,  august   capable, 

avaricieux,  se.  stingy,  mean,  covetous   capital,  e. 

damaged   carr6,  e. 
j  well-lookingy  gen-   central,  e. 
(  teel,  suitable   c^r^monieux,  se. 

blind   charitable, 
greedy,  eager   chaud,  e. 
seasoned  with  wine   chauve, 
*'C'est  un  corps  avine"       "He  is  a   cher,  e. 

good  toper"   ch^tif,  ve. 
azur^  e.  of  a  blue  color   choisi,  e. 

**Iia  voftte  azur^e,"  The  azure  sky  civil,  e. 


attractif,  ve. 
attristant,  e. 


avari^,  e. 

avenant,  e 

aveugle, 
avide, 
avin6,  e. 


Badin,  e. 

basan^,  e. 

bas,  se. 

^!^^'  belle 
bel, 

beni,  e,  ite. 

bienvenu,  e. 

bienvonlu,  e 

bizarre, 

bisulce. 


ifrolicksome,  full   clair,  e. 
of  play,  sportive      ,  ^^^     ^^^ 
tawny,  sunburnt   clairvoyant. 


calm,  quiet 

flat-nosed 

capable,  able,  etc. 

capital,  chief,  principal 

square 

central 

ceremonious 

charitable 

warm,  hot 

bald 

dear 

mean,  pitiful,  poor 

chosen,  selected 

civil,  political 

clear,  bright,  etc. 

j  discerning,  clear 

f  sighted 

classical 

heaped  to  the  top 

comical 

commercial 


e. 


low,  mean,  dishonorable  dassique, 

j  belle,  beautiful,  comble, 

{    fine,  handsome  eomique, 

praised,  blessed  commercial,  e. 

welcome  commode^     convenient,  commodious 

beloved,  esteemed  comroun,  e.  common,  usual,  ordinary 

capricious,  fantastical  compact,  e.  close,  compact 

cloven  footed,  comparable,         comparable,  suitable 


blanc,  che, 
bless6,  e, 
blond,  e. 
bon,  ne. 
boreal,  e» 
bossu,  e. 
bot,  (pied) 
boiteux,  se. 
bouch6,  e. 
boueux,  se. 
bouffon,  ne. 
branlant,  e. 
brief,  eve. 

brdlant,  e. 

brCll^,  e. 

"vin  brdl^", 

brun,  e. 

brut,  e. 

brutal,  e. 

bruyant,  e. 

Caduc,  que. 
"le  mal  caduc, 

cagot,  e. 


(Nat.  Hist.)   complaisant,  e.  complaisant 

white   complet,  e.  complete 

wounded   compliqu^,  e.  complicated 

light,  fair   comprehensible,  intelligible 

gaod,  kind,  etc.   compris,  e.  comprehended 

northern   comptant,  e.  ready 

bump- backed       "argent  comptant",     ready  money 

club-footed   concert^,  e.  stiff,  affected,  agreed  upon 

lame,  limping   conciliable,  reconcilable 

heavy,  dull,  stopt   eoncis,  e.  short,  brief 

muddy,  miry,  dirty   concluant,  e.   convincing,  conclusive 

full  of  drollery   conditionn^,  e.  in  good  order 

shaking   conSant,  e,  confiding 

short   confondu,  e.    confounded,  perplexed 

hot,  burning   conjugal,  e.  conjugal 

burnt   consequent,  e.  consistent 

mulled  wine   considerable,  considerable 

brown   considerant,  e.   considerate,  cautious 

rough,  unpolished    consolable,  consolable 

brutish,  churlish,  rude   contestable,  disputable 


noisy   contramt,  e. 


constrained,  stiff 
ad- 


calleux,  se. 
calomnieux,  &«. 


decrepit,  worn  out  c^jntrarre      \  contrary,   hurtful, 
,"  the  falling  sickness  '      (  verse,  opposed 

j  of  a  contradictory 
(  temper 


hypocritical   contrariant,  e. 
callous,  hardened 


(  slanderous,   ^^„„^„„i,i«       j     convenient,  proper^ 
I  calumnious  c^^^^^^b^^^     |  suitable,   seasonable 


21 


coriace,  as  tough  as  leather   different,  e.  distinct,  diverse,  various 

"un  homme  coriace^ 

corrigible^ 


•^  _       _      ,--— J  — J  ,  —  .^„^ 

^  „  j  a  tough  fisted  difficile,    hard,  troublesome,  difficult 

^^    (  fellow  diffus,  e.                          prolix,  diffuse 

corrigible  ^j;                         j  deserving,    worthy, 

j  courageous,   bold,  '                  (  honest,  upright 

''    ®'     I                    resolute  discorde,                          discord,  strife 

couperos^,  e.         red,  full  of  pimples  (  ungraceful, 

,         j  flowing,  running  cur-  disgracieux,  se.           -j  disagreeable, 

'    '    (  rent,  present 

^°"^^'  ^'                        ^  ^^  ^^  ^^^[[  discret,  e. 
"avoir  la  vue  courte. 


couracreux, 


to  be  short 


''    (  sighted  divers,  e. 


sewed,  stitched  divin,  e 

covered  docile, 

timorous,  fearful  dodu,  e. 

hollow,  deep  douloureux,  se 

glaring,  snameful  douteux,  se. 

clamorous,  noisy  doux,  ce 


cousu,  e. 

couvert,  e. 

craintif,  ve. 

creux,  se. 

criant,  e. 

criard,  e. 

criminel,  le. 

croupisssant,  e.  standing,  stagnating   dur,  e 

croyable,         credile  worthy  of  belief  durable, 

cru,  e.  raw,  crude,  unmannerly   Eblouissant,  e. 

cruel,  le.    cruel,  unkind,  hardhearted   ^chauffant,  e. 

(  used  only  in   writing  as   ^che*^el6,  e. 
cursive,    -j  "6criture  cursive,"  a  run-   6cumeux,  se. 

(  ning  hand  effi?ace, 

Dangereux,  se.  dangerous  ^-^^   ^ 

dansant,  e.  dancing     ^      * 

d^bile       \  ^^.bilitated,  weak,  feeble,  ^grillard,  e 


(  disgraceful 

{discreet,   prudent, 
considerate 
various,  di£f^rent,  remote 
divine,  excellent 
docile,  submissive 
fat,  plump 
painful,  smarting 
doubtful 
soft,  sweet 


faint 


decent,  e. 
decide,  e. 


d^cisif,  ve. 
d^clinant,  e. 


criminal,  guilty   droit,  e.    right,  just,  honest,  straight 

hard,  firm 

lasting 

dazzling 

healing 

dishevelled 

frothy,  foamy 

efficacious,  powerful 

j  strayed,  wild,  out 

I  of  on'esj  senses 

sprightly,  mettlesome 

high,  lofty 

{patient,  who  sub- 
mits to  insult 

childish 
wish  causes  weari- 


6minent,  e* 
becoming  decent  g„<jurant, 
decided 


decisive,  peremptory  enfantin,  e. 
declining 
d^fectueux.  sq.  defective,  faulty   ennuyant,  e. 

d^licat,  e.  delicate,  fine,  dainty 

delicieux,  se.     delicious,  voluptuous   ^„ 
d^lie,  e.  fine,  thin" small   «''»"y«"''.  «« 

d^loyal,  e.  disloyal,  unfaithful    enragd,  e 

denature,  e.  unnatural    entreorenant 

dense,  dense,  close,  compact  ^ 

d6sastreux,se.  disastrous, unfortunate   envieux,  se 
d^savantageux,  se.    disadvantageous   ^pais,  se. 
d«5sert,  e. 
desirable, 
d^soiant,  e. 


ness,   tedious,  tire- 
some 

3  wearisome,  tiresome, 

(  troublesome 
desperate,  mad,  raging 

{enterprising,  bold, 
daring 


d6sol6,  e. 
despotique, 

detestable, 

d^Volu,  e. 
devot,  e. 


envious 

thick,  dense 

deserted   6pars,  e.  scattered,  dispersed 

desirable   6perdu,  e.  dismayed 

grievous,  afflicting   epineux,  se.  difficult,  thorny,  prickly 


discofisolable   eplor^,  e.  all  in  tears,  bathed  in  tears 

despotical  Equivoque,  equivocal 

5  detestable,  hateful,   errant,  e,  wandering 

\  wretched  erron^,  e.  erroneous 

devolved,  transferred   ^rudit,  e.  learned,  erudite 

devoted,  bigoted  ^tonn^  e.  astonished 


22  — 


espidgle, 

6ternel,  le. 

^toiI(§,  e. 
6touffant,  e. 
strange, 
dtroit,  e. 
^vitable, 
exact,  e. 
excellent,  e. 
excessif,  ve. 
experiments,  e 
exprSs,  se. 
expressif,  ve. 
expiatoire, 
exprimable, 
extant,  e, 
extSrieur,  e. 
externe, 
extrait,  e. 
Fabuleux,  se. 
facStieux,  se. 
facile, 
fdcheux,  se. 


j  wagg'ish,  frolicsome, 
(  a  little  mischievous 


"un  fri-pon  fieffe 


j  everlasting,    without 
1  end,  eternal 

starry 

sultry 

strange,  foreign 

narrow,  strait 

avoidable 

ponctual,  exact 

excellent,  rare 

excessive 

experienced 

express,  plain,  clear 

expressive 

expiatory 

that  can  be  expressed 

extant,  in  being 

exterior,  outw^ard 

external 

extracted 

fabulous 

facetious,  merry 

easy 

hard,  provoking 


factice,  factitious,  made,  coined 

"un  mot  factice"  a  new  coined  word 


factieux,  se. 

faible. 

fade, 

faineant,  e. 

falot,  e. 

famS,  e. 

famSlique, 

fameux,  se. 

fantasque, 

farci,  e. 

fard^,  e. 

fatigue,  e. 

fautif,  ve. 

faux,  sse. 

favorable, 

favori,  te. 

f6cond,  e. 

f^lon, 

ferme, 

fertile, 

feu,  ue. 
"le  feu  roi," 
"la  feue  reine" 

fidele, 

fieffS,  e. 


factious,  seditious 

weak 

insipid,  nauseous 

idle,  lazy,  slothful 

ridiculous 

famed 

famished,  starved 

famous 

fantastical,  whimsical 

stujffed 

painted,  rouged 

tired,  fatigued 

faulty 

false,  deceitful 

propitious,  kind 

agreeable,  best,  liked 

fruitful,  prolific 

rebellious,  cruel 

fast,  strong,  steady 

fertile 

late,  deceased, 

the  late  king 

the  late  queen 

faithful 

arrant,  downright 


fiSvreux,  se 
filial,  e. 
fin,  e. 
figuiS,  e. 
finaud,  e 
fixe, 
fluide, 
fonce,  e. 

"couleur  fonc6e" 
fondu,  e. 
forcene,  e. 
form  el,  le, 
fort,  e. 

fou,  (fol)  folle. 
fragile 
frais,  che. 
franc,  che. 
frequent,  e. 
frivole, 
froid^  e. 
Gai,  e. 
gauche, 

gSnSreux,  se. 

gentii,  le 
glagant,  e. 
glace,  e. 
glissant,  e. 
glorieux,  se. 
gluant,  e. 
gracieux,  se. 
graisseux,  se. 
grand,  e. 
gratuit,  e. 
grave, 
Grec,  que. 
gredin,  e. 
gri6che, 
grossier,  e. 
grotesque, 
gueux,  se 


an  arrant  rogue 

feverish 

filial 

cuning,  fine,  sly 

figurative 

sly,  artful 

immovable,  steady 

fluid,  liquid 

deep 

deep  coloured 

melted 

mad 

formal 

strong,  vigourous 

foolish,  mad, 

brittle,  weak 

fresh,  cool 

frank,  sincere,  open 

frequent 

frivolous 

cold 

cheerful 

left,  awkward 

J  generous,     liberal, 

I  magnanimous 

genteel,  neat,  pretty 

freezing 

frozen,  glazed 

slippery 

glorious 

glutinous,  tenacious 

graceful,  becoming 

greasy 

big,  tall,  great,  huge 

gratuitous 

heavy,  grave,  low 

Grecian,  Greek 

beggarly,  shabby 

speckled 

coarse,  mean,  vile 


grotesque,  ridiculous 
needy,  indigent 
"II  est  gueux  (  "He  is  as  poor 
comme  un  rat  •<  as  a  church  mou- 
d'Sglise,"  ( se" 

Habile,  skilful 

haut,  (h.  a.)  e.  high,  tall 

heroique,  heroical 

hideux,  se.  hideous 

heureux,  se.   happy,  fortunate,  lucky 
homicide,  murderous,  killing 

homog^e,  homogeneoas 


23 


honni,       obsol,  confounded,  abashed 
"Honni  soit  qui  J     "Evil  be  to  hira, 
mal  ypense,"        |  that  evil  thinks" 
honteux,  se.  shameful,  ashamed 

horrible,  hoirible,  frightful,  dreadful 


humain,  e. 

humide, 

hydropique 

hypocrite 

Idiot,  e. 

ignorant,  e. 

ignoble, 

ignomineux,  se 

ill^gitirae, 
imbu,  e. 
immense, 
immobile 
immod^r^,  e. 
immortel,  e. 
impair, 

"norabre  impair" 
impatient,  e. 
iraperieux,  se. 
imp(§tueux,  se. 
impoli,  e. 
important,  e 
impr^voyant,  e. 
impr^vu,  e. 
improbable, 
impuni,  e. 
impropre, 
impudent,  e. 
impur,  e 
incapable, 
incertain,  e. 
incivil,  e. 
incommode, 


mconnu,  e. 
inconstant,  e, 
incorrect,  e. 
incorruptible, 
incroyable, 
ind^cis,  e. 
ind6fendu,  e, 
indefini,  e. 
indelicat,  e. 
indevot,  e. 
indicible, 
indifferent,  e. 
indigeste, 


humane,  human 

wet,  damp,  humid 

dropsical 

hypocritical 

silly,  foolish 

ignorant, 

ignoble,  vile,  base 

J    ignominous, 

I   disgraceful 

illegitimate,  unjust 

imbued,  tinctured 

immense 

immovable 

immoderate 

immortel 

odd 

"odd  number" 

impatient 

imperious 

impetuous,  hasty 

impolite 

important 

improvident 

unforeseen 

improbable 

unpunished 

improper 

impudeat 

impure 

incapable,  unfit 

uncertain, 

uncivil,  doubful 

troublesome,  incon- 

[  venient 

unknown,  strange 

inconstant 

incorrect 

incorruptible 

incredible 

undecided,  irresolute 

defenceless 

indefinite 

indelicate 

irreligious 

unspeakable 

indifferent 

indigestible 


indigne, 
indiscret,  e. 
indistinct,  e. 

individuel,  le. 

inexpiable, 
inedit,  e, 
inexerc^,  e. 

inexorable, 

in  fame, 

infertile, 

infirme, 

in  fortune,  e. 

ing^nieuj/,  se, 
ing^nu,  e. 

ingrat,  e. 
intelligent,  e. 
int^gre, 
intarissable, 
intr^pide, 

intestat,  e. 

introuvable, 
inutile, 
invendu,  e. 

inversable, 


undeserving,  unworthy 

indiscreet,  unwise 

indistinct,  confused 

individual,  single, 

particular 

not  to  be  atoned  for 

unpublished 

unexercised 

inexorable,  not  to 

be  entreated 

infamous,  base 
unfruitful,  barren 
infirm,  weak,  sickly 
unfortunate,  unhap- 
py, unlucky 
ingenious,  witty 
dexterous,  skillful 
frank,  sincere,  without 
[  guile 
ungrateful 
intelligent 
upright,  honest 
that  never  dries  up 
fearless,  undaunted 
intestate,  dying 
without  a  will 
not  to  be  found 
useless 
unsold 
(of  a  carriage) 

cannot  be  overset 


isol6,  e.  insulated,  alone 

issu,  e.  sprung,  descended 

ivre,  inebriated,  intoxicated 

"  ivre  mort,"  "dead  drunk" 

jaloux,  se.      jealous,  enyious,  tender 

legged 

young,  fiery 

pretty,  neat,  bonny 

chubcheeked,  chubby 

daily,  uncertain 


jambe,  e. 
jeune, 
joli,  e. 
joufflu,  e. 
journalier,  e. 


"Les  armes  sont  /  "  ^he  fate  or  chan- 
journalieres,"^  ce  of  war  is  uu- 
•'  '     (^      certain " 

jovial,  e.  jovial,  merry 

joyeux,  se.  joyous,  glad 

Juif,  ve.  Jewish 

juste,  just,  equitable,  lawful 

justificatif,  ve.  serving  to  prove 

juteux,  se.  juicy 

laborieux,  se.  laborious 


—  24  — 


slack,  sluggish,  cowardly  j^^ihonngte, 
leprous,  stingy,  mean 

ugly,  plain  malicieux,  se. 

milky  malpropre, 

languishing,  droop-  mani^r^,  e. 

ing,  lingering  "manifire  noire," 

languissant,  e.     languid,  weak,  faint  manifesto , 

lanif^re,         bearing  wool,  lanigerous  marri,  e. 


lache, 
ladre, 
laid,  e. 
laiteux,  se. 

langoureux,  se. 


lanugineux,  se. 
large, 
larmoyant,  e. 


j      dishonest,  rude, 

(      uncivil,  knavish 

malicious,  wicked 

uncleanly,  slovenly 

affected 

"mezzotinto" 

manifest,  plain 

sorry,  grieved 

bad,  evil,  ill 


las,  se. 
l^ger,  e. 
lent,  e. 

libertin,  e. 

libre, 

limoneux,  se. 

livide, 

lointain,  e. 

long,  ue. 

louable, 

louche, 

loupeux,  se 

"  un  arbre  loupeux, 

lourd,  e. 


downy,  lanuginous  mauvais,  e 

broad,  wide,  large  m^disant,  e. 

in  tears,  pathetic,  m^fiant,  e. 

moving  memoratif,  ve. 

weary,  tired  meridional,  e, 

light,  active  m^ritoire,    worthy  ot  being  rewarded 

slow,  sluggish,  dull  mielleux,  se.     that  tasted  like  honey 


slanderous,  reviling 

mistrustful 

remembering 

southern 


loyal,  e. 
lucide, 

lucratif,  ve.      •! 

lugubre, 

luisant,  e. 

"  un  ver  luisant," 

lumineux,  se    -j 

lunaire, 

"rayons  lunaires,' 

maigre, 

majestueux,  se. 

malade, 

maladif,  ve. 

male, 

malefique, 


ibertine,  licentious,   miraculeux,  se 
irreligious  moisi,  e 

free,  at  liberty   mollet,  te. 
muddy,  slimy,   mondain,  e. 
oozy,  marshy     montagneux,  se. 
black  and  blue,  livid    mort,  e. 
far  away,  distant   morose, 

long   mortel,  le. 
praiseworthy,  laudable    muet,  te. 

squint,  looking  awry   mueilagineux,  se. 
knobby   musical,  e. 
a  knobby  tree   mutin,  e. 

heavy   myst^rieux,  se 


ve. 


malfait,  e. 


malgracieux,  se. 

malhabile, 
malheureux,  se. 


miraculous 

mouldy,  hoary 

a  little  soft 

wordly 

mountainous,  hilly 

dead 

morose,  sad 

deadly,  mortal 

dumb,  speechless 

mucilaginous 

musical 

mutinous 

mysterious 

natural,  unaffected 

ingenuous 

dwarfish 

rising,  coming  forth 

;  beginning  te  appear 

natural,  unaffected 

natal 

native  born 

j      he  w^as  born  in 

(      Berlin 

nebulous 
necessary 
needy,  necessitous 
negligent 
nervous,  sinewy 
clean,  neat 
new,  fresh 
silly,  foolish,  simple 
black,  dark 
unmannerly   "  un  noir  chagrin,"  a  gloomy  sorrow 
(      ungracious     nonpareil,  le.      matchless,  incompar- 
unskillful  [  able 

unhappy,  unlucky  nouveau 


loyal,  faithful,  trusty        ..^ 
lucid,  bright  ' 

lucrative,  gainful,    nain,  e. 

profitable  naissant,  e. 
mourntui,  sad 

bright,  shining  naturel,  le. 

"  a  glow  worm  "  natal,  e. 

uminous,  emitting  natif,  ve. 

ight  "il  est  natif 
lunar,  lunary      de  Berlin," 

"  moon  beams  "  n4buleux,  se. 

meagre,  lean  necessaire, 

majestic  n^cessiteux, 

ill,  sick  negligent,  e. 

sickly,  unhealthy  nerveux,  se. 

stout,  manly  net,  te. 

mischievous  neuf,  ve. 

j  ill  made,  badly  done,  niais,  se. 
(  ill  £•! 


haped 


noir,  e. 


unfortunate  nouvel,  le. 


new 


25  — 


non  pair, 
novice, 
nu,  e. 

nuageux,  se. 
nubile, 
nutritif,  ve. 


odd 
inexperienced 
naked 
cloudy 
marriageable 
nutritious 
(  civil,  kind,  accom- 
obligeant,  e.  |  modating,  obliging 
obscur,  e.  gloomy,  dark 

obstin^,  e.  obstinate,  stubborn 

odieux,  se.  odious,  hateful 

ceuvr6,  (said  of  fishes)  hard-roed 

offensant,  e.  offensive 

oflScieux,  se.  kind,  obliging 

oisif,  ve.  idle,  useless 

olivatre,  of  an  olive  colour 

ombrageux,  se.  suspicious 

onctueux,  se.  oily>  clammy 

ondovant,  e.  undulating,  waving 

opiniatre,  obstinate 

opulent,  e.  rich,  opulent 

orageux,  se.        tempestuous,  stormy 
ordinaire,  ordinary,  common 

orgueilleux,  se.  proud,  haughty 

originaire,       originally,  coming  from 
original,  e.  original,  first 

ossu,  e.  bony 

ouvert,  e.  open 

(said  of  linen) 
diapered,  worked 
Paissant,  e  grazing 

pale,  pale 

pantois,  e.  short-winded 

paradoxial,  e.  paradoxical 

pareil,  le.  alike,  equal 

paresseux,  se.  idle,  lazy 

parlant,  e.  speaking 

p<^teux,  se  mealy,  gluish,  sticky 

path^tique  pathetical 

paternel,  le  paternal 

patient,  e.  patient 

pendable,  that  deserves  hanging 

perfide,  perfidious,  false 

p^rilleux,  se.         perilous,  dangerous 
p^rissable,  perishable 

permanent,  e.      \       P^m^nent,  dur- 
^  '  (      able,  iastmg 

perplexe,    perplexing,  wavering,  un- 

[  certain 

pervers,  e.  bad,  wicked 

la  fortune  perverse,  adverse  fortune 

petit,  e.  small,  little 


ouvr6,  e. 


pesant,  e. 

p^treux,  se. 
petulant,  e. 
peureux,  se 
pieux,  se. 
piquant,  e, 
pitoyable. 


heavy,  weighty 

slow,  indolent 

stony,  gravelly 

pert,  saucy 

timorous,  fearful 

pious 

striking,  tart,  sharp 

pitiful,  compassionate 

plaintif,  ve.      plaintive,  complaining 

^  .       .  \     pleasant,  delightful, 

plaisant,  e.       S  ui 

^  '  (     agreeable,  merry 

plat,  e.  insipid,  flat 

plein,  e.  full,  replete 

pluviale,  rainy,  joined  to 

eau  pluviale,  rainy  water 

poignant,  e.  sharp,  severe 

pointilleux,  se.  captious,  cavelling 

pointu,  e.  pointed,  sharp 

portatif,  ve.  portable 

possible,  possible 

poudreux,  se.  powdery,  dusty 

pr^alable,  previous 

precis,  e.  precise 

pr^cieux,  se.  precious 

pr^liminaire,  previous 

pr^fixe,  •                     prefixed 

pr^matur^,  e.  too  early  premature 

predial,  e.  predial 

des  rentes  pr^diales,     ground  rents 

pr^f^rable,  preferable 

pr^judiciable,  prejudicial 

prenable,  that  can  be  taken 

pr^paratif,  ve.  preparative 

present,  e.  present 

press6,  e.  in  haste,  in  a  hurry 

pret,  e.  ready,  prepared 
pr^tendu,  e.    pretended,  self  dubbed 

pr^tentieux,  se.  affected,  pedantio 

pr^venant,  e.  obliging,  pleasing, 

preux,  se,  valiant 
un  preux  chevalier,  a  valiant  knight 
pr^voyant,         forecasting,  provident 

probable,  probable,  likely 

prodigieux,  se.  prodigious,  amazing 

prodigue,  prodigal,  wasteful 

profond,  e.  deep 

propre,  fit,  becoming,  apt 

provenant,  e.  coming,  proceeding 

pu^ril,  e.  childish 

puissant,  e,  powerful,  potent 

pur,  e.        pure,  unmingled,  guiltless 


—  26  — 


purpurin,  e. 

purplish 

roulant,  e. 

rolling 

putatif,  ve. 

supposed  reputed 

rude. 

harsh,  rough,  severe 

putride, 

rotten,  putrid 

ruminant,  e. 

ruminating,  chew- 

Quarte, 

quartan 

ing  the  cud 

la  fi^vre  quarte, 

the  quartan  ague 

Sablonneux,  se.                            sandy 

quirjteux,  se.    capricious,  humorsom<' 

sacrilege, 

sacrilegious 

quotidien,  ne. 

daily 

sage,. 

(speaking  of  a  man) 

Cest  son  pain 

It  is  his  daily 

wise,  prudent 

quotidien. 

custom 

sage. 

(of  a  femelle)  modest 

Raboteux,  se. 

rough,  rugged 

sage,               (of  a  child)  good,  sedate 

rachitique, 

ricketty 

saee,             (of 

an  animal)  mild,  tame 

radieux,  se. 

radiant,  shining 

saint,  e. 

saint,  holy,  pious 

raffing,  e. 

clever,  fine,  keen 

saisissant,  e. 

striking: 

raide. 

stiff,  rigid 

un  froid  saisissant,      a  striking  cold 

11  toraba  raide 

He  dropped  down 

sain,  e. 

healthy 

moit, 

stone  dead 

sale. 

dirty,  nasty 

rampant,  e. 

creeping,  crawling 

sale,  e, 

salted 

rapide, 

swift,  rapid 

salubre. 

salubrious,  healthy 

rare, 

scarce,  uncommon 

salutaire, 

safe,  secure 

ras,  e. 

smooth,  plain 

savonneux,  se. 

soapy 

rebelle, 

rebellious 

seant,  e. 

sitting,  decent 

r^butant,  e.        re 

pulsive,  displeasing 

sec,  che. 

dry,  barren,  sandy 

recent,  e. 

recent 

secret,  e. 

secret,  hidden 

rechign^,  e. 

sour,  crabbed 

seditieux,  se. 

seditious,  turbu- 

mine rechignee, 

a  sour  look 

lent,  factious 

r^ciproque, 

reciprocal,  mutual 

serablable. 

like,  alike 

recuit,  e. 

overboiled 

serieux,  se. 

serious,  solemn,  grave 

cela  est  cuit 

that  is  boiled 

s^reux,  se. 

thin,  watery 

et  recuit. 

to  rags 

sensible. 

sensible,  feeling 

r^ductible. 

reducible 

serein,  e. 

clear,  serene 

r^el,  le. 

real,  true,  genuine 

serr6,  e. 

close,  compact 

regardant,  e.      too  saving,  niggardly 

seul,  e. 

alone,  only 

regnant,  e. 

reigning 

severe. 

severe 

regrettable, 

lamentable 

signale,  e.  fam 

ous,  signal,  memorable 

r^joui,  e. 

joyous 

silencieux,  se. 

silent,  still 

religieux,  se. 

religious,  pious 

similaire, 

similar,  homogeneous 

remuant, 

stirring,  moving 

simple, 

simple,  plain 

renomm§,  e. 

renowned,  famed 

simuitan^,  e. 

simultaneous 

reparable. 

reparable 

Simula,  e. 

deceitful,  fictitious 

repu^sif,  ve. 

repulsive 

sincere, 

honest,  sincere 

r6serv6,  e. 

prudent,  cautious 

sobre. 

temperate,  sober 

r^sineux,  se. 

resinous 

soigneux,  se. 

careful,  diligent 

revenant,  e. 

likely,  taking 

solennel,  le. 

solemn,  in  due  time 

une  physionomie 

i             a  pleasing 

solitaire, 

solitary,  lonely 

revenante 

countenance 

sombre, 

dark,  gloomy 

r6voltant,  e. 

scandalous 

somptueux,  se 

sumptuous 

riche, 

rich,  wealthy 

soudain,  e. 

suddenly,  immediately 

rid^,  e. 

wrinkled 

softl,  e. 

full,  glutted 

rond,  e. 

round,  circular 

soumis,  e. 

submissive 

rouge 

red 

soupQonneux, 

se.                  suspicious 

devenir  rouge, 

to  blush 

souterrain. 

subterraneous 

rougeatre, 

reddish 

spacieux,  se. 

spacious 

—  27  — 


studieux,  se. 
suflFocant,  e. 
sujet,  te. 
superflu,  e. 
superieur,  u. 
sdr,  e. 

surnaturel,  le. 
Tachet^,  e. 
tardif,  vo. 
tarissable, 
t^dieux,  se. 
tel,  le. 
t6m6raire, 

tempestueux,  s 

tendre, 
terreux,  se. 
tetu,  e. 
tortu,  e. 
tortueux,  se. 
touchant,  e. 
touffu,  e. 
tourbeux,  se. 

tourmentant,  e 

tout,  e. 
tranchant,  e. 

triomphant,  e. 

trivial,  e. 
turbulent,  e. 
tyrannique, 
Uligineux,  se. 
unanime, 
unique, 
use,  e. 
utile, 


studious 

stifling,  choaking 

subject,  exposed 

superfluous 

superior 

sure,  certain 

supernatural 

speckled 

tardy,  slow,  late 

that  can  be  dried  up 

tedious 

such 

bold,  rash 

J    stormy,  teni- 

(  pestuous 

tender,  soft 

full  of  earth 

obstinate,  headstrong 

crooked 

winding 

moving,  aflFecting 

thick,  bushy,  tufted 

turfy 

j   tormenting, 

(  troublesome 

all,  every,  any 

sharp,  cutting 

{victorious, 
triumphant 
trivial,  common 
turbulent,  violent 
tyrannical 
damp,  marshy 
unanimous 
only,  sole 
worn  out,  used 
'     useful,  profitable 


Vacillant,  e. 

vague, 
vacant,  e. 
vain,  e. 

valeureux,  se. 

valide, 

vaporeux,  se. 
veillant,  e. 
ven^neux,  se. 
v(5reux,  se. 
vert  ,  e. 
vertueux,  se. 
vetu,  e. 
vida, 
vif,  ve. 
vicieux,  se. 

vieil,  \ 

victorieux,  se, 
vigoureux,  se. 
7il,  e. 
violent,  e. 
viril,  e. 
vite, 

volant,  e. 
volage, 
volatile, 
volontaire. 
voluptueux,  se. 
vomitif,  ve. 
voyant,  e. 
vrai,  e. 

vraisemblable, 
vulgaire 


(  reeling,  staggering, 

\  tottering,  wavering 

loose,  indefined 

vacant 

vain,  fruitless 

I  valiant,  stout, 

(       courageous 

legal,  valid 

vaporous 

awake 

venomous 

full  of  maggots,  rotten 

green,  fresh 

virtuous 

clad,  dressed 

empty,  void 

lively 

vicious,  wicked 

old,  aged 

victorious 

vigorous,  stout 

vile,  mean 

violent,  passionate 

manly 

quick,  ?wift 

flying 

fickle,  inconstant 

flying,  volatile 

voluntary,  wilful 

voluptuous 

vomitive 

very  gaudy 

true,  right,  real 

likely,  probable 

vulgar,  common 


Zel^,  e,      jealous,  ardent,  passionate 


VERBES    FRANQAIS    ET    ANGLAIS 
FRENCH  AND  ENGLISH  VERBS. 


Abaisser, 

abandonner, 
abattre, 
abimer, 
abonner, 

aboutir, 

abreuver. 

absoudre, 

acc^l^rer, 

accepter, 

accompagner, 

accoucher, 

acheminer, 

acquerir, 

adoniser; 

adresser, 

afFecter, 
aggraver, 
agrandir, 
aider, 


j  to  lower,  t©  hum- 

/    ble,  to  let  down 

to  forsake,  to  leave 

to  pull  dow^n,  to  fell 

to  destroy,  to  ruin 

to  compound 

j  to  border  upon,  to 

(   meet,   to    end   in 

{to  soak,  to  lead 
animals  to  drink 
to  absolve 
to  hasten 
to  receive,  to  accept 
to  accompany 
to  deliver 
to  set  forward 
to  acquire 
to  dress  one's  self  out 
j  to  direct  a  letter,  to 
I        send,  to  dedicate 
to  affect 
to  aggravate 
to  enlarge,  to  widen 
to  help,  to  assist 


blanchir,  V.  n.               (to  grow  white 

'  (      to  grow  old 

blesser,  to  hurt,  to  wound 

boucher,  to  stop  a  hole,  to  block  up 

brdler,  to  burn 

Cacher,  to  hide,  to  conceal 
cadrer 


aigrir,      to  exasperate,  to  make  sour 


aiguiser, 


to  sharpen 


aimer,    to  love,  to  like,  to  be  fond  of 

ajuster,  to  adjust,  to  fit  up 

alarmer,  to  alarm 

alluraer,  to  light,  to  kindle 

aller,  to  go 

alt^rer,  to  change 

amarrer,  to  moor  a  ship 

amasser,  to  gather,  to  collect 

annoncer,  to  announce 

Badiner,  to  joke 

bailler,  to  gape,  to  yawn 

baiser,  to  kiss 

bassiner,  to  warm  a  bed 

b^tir,  to  build,  to  erect 

battre,  to  beat 

bercer,  to  rock  a  child 

beugler,  to  bellow 

beurrer,  to  butter 

bigarrer,  to  spreckle 

blanchir    v  a  i  *°  ^^^*°^  ^^"®"' 

Dlanchir,  v.  a.  j      ^^  ^^^^  j^^^^ 


calomnier, 

canarder 

causer,  v.  n. 

causer,  v.  a. 

c^der, 

c61ebrer, 

ceindre, 

chanter, 

charger, 

chasser, 

chauffer, 

choisir, 

clouer, 

commencer, 

concerner, 

concerter, 

confoadre, 

connaitre, 

conseiller, 

convoiter, 

coudre, 

couler, 

courir, 

couvrir, 

cracher, 

creuser, 

croire, 

cuire. 


,      to  suit,  to  agree,  to  answer 
to  calumniate 


{to  shoot  at  a  person 
from  a  sheltered  place 
to  prattle,  to  tattle 
to  cause,  to  occasion 
to  yield,  to  give  up 
to  celebrate 
to  gird 
to  sing 
to  charge,  to  load 
to  drive  away 
to  warm,  to  heat 
to  choose,  to  select 
to  nail 
to  begin 
to  belong,  to  concern 
to  contrive,  to  agree 
to  confound 
J   to  know,  to  be 
(  acquainted  with 
to  advise,  to  counsel 
to  covet 
to  sew 
to  flow 
to  run 
to  cover 
to  spit 
to  dig,  to  deepen 
to  believe,  to  credit 
to  cook,  to  bake 


T,  ,1  \  to  rid,  to  £?et  clear  of 

Debarrasser,    -j  i 


deborder, 

d^cacheter, 

d^chiffrer, 

d^couvrir, 

d^creter, 

d^faill^r, 

degager, 

deg^n^rer. 


troublesome  person 

to  overflow,  to  jut  out 

to  unseal 

to  decipher,  to  unravel 

to  uncover,  to  discover 

to  order,  to  decree 

to  get  weak,  to  fail 

to  redeem 

to  degenerate 


^9 


d^gfader, 

degraisser, 

d^loger, 

demeurer, 

d^pecher, 

depeupler, 

d^poter, 

d6sassocier, 

desserrer, 

desservir, 

d^vorer, 

dififerer, 

disposer, 

dorer, 

doubler, 

^branler, 

ebruiter, 

Scaler, 

^carter, 

(5chapper, 

^chauder 

^chauffer, 

^claircir, 

6chouer, 

^clairer, 

4crire, 
^galiser, 

^gorger, 

6gratigner, 

embraser, 

embrasser, 

emporter, 

endosser, 

Fagonner, 

facher, 

farcir, 

feindre, 

f<§liciter, 

feuilleter, 

fiancer, 

fixer, 

flatter, 

fond  re, 

former, 

fortifier, 

fraichir, 

frequenter, 

frire, 


to  degrade   friser, 
to  scour,  to  skim    fuser, 
to  dislodge   Gagner, 
to  dwell,  to  remain   garantir, 
to  dispatch,  to  send   garder, 

to  depopulate   gargouiller, 

ito   take  a  plant   gemir, 
out  of  a  pot   glacer, 
to  dissolve  partnership   glisser, 
to  loosen   glousser, 
to  clear  the  table   grandir, 
to  devour   griller, 
to  delay,  to  put  off  guider, 

to  dispose   Hatr,  {H.  asp.) 

to  gild   haler, 
to  double   hunter, 
to  shake,  to  move   hater, 

to  divulge   h^risser, 
to  shell   heurter, 
to  drive  away   hisser, 
to  escape   honnir, 
to  scald   houer, 
to  heat,  to  warm    haranguer, 
to  clear,  to  brighten    hurler, 
to  fail,  to  run  aground   habiller,  (It.  mute) 
J       to  light,  to  watch,   h4riter, 
(  to  have  an  eye  upon    honorer, 
to  write   huraecter, 
to  equalize   hurailier, 
j   to  cut  the  throat,  to   Idolatrer, 
(  murder,  to  slaughter   imaginer, 
to  scratch   impliquer, 

ito  burn,  to  con-    impugner, 
sume  by  fire   imputer, 
to  embrace,  to  hug  incarc^rer, 
.   to  carry  away   indemniserj 
to  put  on,  to  endorse   indiquer, 
to  figure,  to  shape   inscrire, 
to  grieve,  to  afflict  intriguer, 
to  stuff,  to  cram   Jaillir, 
to  hesitate,  to  scruple   japper, 
to  congratulate   jeiiner, 
to  turn  over  the  leaves   jouer, 
to  betroth   jouir, 
to  fix,  to  make  firm   jucher, 
to  flatter  juguler^ 
to  melt,  to  liquefy  justifier, 
to  form   Labourer, 
to  fortify   lacer, 
to  freshen   laisser, 
to  visit  often   languir, 

to  fry   lever,  v.  &. 


to  curl  half 
to  melt 
to  win,  to  gain,  to  earn 
to  warrant 
to  watch,  to  keep 
to  paddle  in  the  water 
to  groan,  to  moan 
to  freeze,  to  chill 
to  slide,  to  slip 
to  cluck  like  a  hen 
to  grow,  to  grow  tall 
to  broil 
to  guide 
to  hate 
to  heave,  to  haul 
to  haunt,  to  frequent 
to  hasten 
to  stand  on  end 
to  strike,  to  hit 
to  hoist 
to  disgrace,  to  curse 
to  hoe 
to  make  a  speech 
to  howl,  to  yell 
to  dress 
to  inherit 
to  honor 
to  moisten 
to  humiliate 
to  idolize,  to  worship 
to  imagine 
to  implicate 
to  impugn,  to  oppose 
to  ascribe,  to  attribute 
to  imprison 
to  indemnify 
to  indicate 
to  inscribe 
to  intrigue 
'to  spout  out 
to  yelp,  to  bark 
to  fast 
to  play 
to  enjoy 
to  roost 
to  choak 
to  justify 
to  till,  to  plough 
to  lace 
to  leave 
to  languish 
to  lift,  to  raise 


—  30  — 


lever,  v.  n 

lier, 

livrer, 

lou'iher, 

louer, 

lutter, 

Maigrir, 

inalt'aire, 

mander, 

manquer, 

marchander, 

marcher, 

marier, 

masquer, 

meler, 

menacer, 

menager, 

moditier, 

monter, 

m^rtifier, 

raouiller, 
munir, 

Nager, 

naitre, 

natter, 

n^gocier, 

noircir, 

nommer, 

Ob^ir, 

obliger, 

ofFenser, 

offrir, 

ondoyer, 

orner, 

oter, 

ourdir, 

oublier, 

ouvrir. 

Pacifier, 

palir, 

panser, 

panser, 

paraitre, 

parier, 

parti  r, 

passer, 

payer, 

peindre, 

penser, 

perfectionner, 

p^rir, 

pers6cuter, 


to  grow,  to  grow  up  peupler, 

to  tie,  to  bind   pincer, 
to  deliver,  to  give  up   piler, 

to  squint   plaindre, 
to  praise   plaire, 
to  wrestle,  to  struggle   pleuvoir, 
to  grow  lean   plonger, 
to  do  harm    plumer, 
to  order,  to  acquaint  with   poignarder, 
to  fail   policer, 
to  bargain    polir, 
•to  march   pondre, 
to  marry   porter, 
to  disguise   poser, 
to  mix,  to  mingle   postuler, 
to  threaten 
to  husband,  to  take  care   pouiller, 
to  modify    pourrir, 
to  mount,  to  ascend   pourvoir, 
to  mortify    precher, 
to  moisten,  to  wet   pr^cipiter, 
to  store,  to  provide   prendre, 
to  swim    prater, 
to  be  born    pr^venir, 
to  mat   priver, 
to  negotiate   prohiber, 
to  blacken   projeter, 
to  name   prot^ger, 
to  obey   punir 


to  populate 

to  pinch 

to  pound 

to  pity 

to  please 

to  rain 

to  plunge,  to  dip 

to  pluck  out  feathers 

to  stab 

to  govern,  to  civilize 

to  polish 

to  lay  eggs 

to  carry 

to  lay,  to  set,  to  put 

J  to  put  up  for,  to  be  a 

)  candidate  for 

to  call  names 

to  putrefy 

to  provide 

to  preach 

to  precipitate 

to  take 

to  lend 

to  prevent,  to  prepossess 

to  deprive 

to  prohibit 

to  scheme,  to  contrive 

to  protect 


to  punish 

to  oblige   Qu^rir,  (used  only  with  aller,)  to  fetch 

to  offend   questionner,  to  question 

to  offer   queter,  to  beg,  to  collect  money 

to  rise  in  waves   quitter,  to  quit 

to  ornament   Kabattre,  to  pull  down  again 

to  remove,  to  take  off  racommoder,  to  mend,  to'  patch 

to  contrive,  to  warp   raccourcir,  to  shorten 

to  forget   racheter,        to  buy  again,  to  redeem 

to  open   radoucir, 
to  pacify   railler, 
to  turn  pale   raisouner, 
to  dress  a  wound   ramasser, 
to  look  after  a  horse   rajeunir, 
to  appear   rajuster, 
to  bet   ramer, 
to  set  out,  to  depart   ramoner, 


to  pass,  to  call 


T*anger, 

to  pay   raper, 

to  paint  rapprendre, 

to  think   raser, 

to  make  perfect  rassurer,  to  quiet  one's  fear,  to  secure 

to  peribh   ratiser,  to  poke  the  fire  up 

to  persecute   rattraper,  to  catch  again,  to  overtake 


to  soften 

to  jest,  to  jeer 

to  argue,  to  reason 

to  take  up,  to  pick  up 

to  grow  young  again 

to  set  in  order  again 

lo  row 

to  sweep  a  chimney 

to  set  in  order 

to  grate,  to  rasp 

to  learn  again 

to  shave 


—  31 


ravawer, 
rec^ler, 
reciter, 

reconnaitre,     ^ 


to  ruin,  to  lay  waste 

t©  conceal 

to  recite 


to   know 


r^cr^er      < 

recueillir, 

reculer, 

redire, 

redoubler, 

r^duire, 

r^flechir, 

r6gir, 

r^gler, 

r^gner, 

regretter, 

rehausser, 

rel^guer, 

rem^dier, 

remercier, 

remettre, 

rendormir, 

r^parer, 

r6p4ter, 


to 


again,  to 
recognize 
relieve,    to 


revive,  to 

delight,  to  refresh 

J  to  gather,    to   receive, 

j  to  collect 

to  recoil,  to  fall  bark 

to  say  again,  to  repeat 

to  reiterate 

to  reduce 

to  reflect 

to  govern,  to  rule 

to  regulate 

to  reign 

to  regret 

to  raise,  to  heigrhten 

to  exile 

to  remedy 

to  thank,  to  return  thanks 

to  restore,  to  remit 

to  fall  asleep  again 

to  repare,  to  restore 

to  repeat 

reprendre,  to  find  fault,  to  take  again 
retenir,  to  retain,  to  withhold 

r§ver,  to  dream 

revenir,  to  return,  to  come  again 

rire,  to  laugh 

Saccager,  to  sackjto  pillage,  to  plunder 


saigner. 

to  bleed 

saper, 

to  sap,  to  undermine 

savoir. 

to  know 

secourir, 

to  assist,  to  succour 

s^duire. 

to  seduce 

seller. 

to  saddle 

sentir, 

to  feel 

serrer, 

to  serve,  to  attend 

siffler. 

to  whistle 

sommeiller, 

to  slumber,  to  doze 

sommer. 

to  summon 

sonner,       to 

ring,  to  strike,  to  sound 

souffler. 

to  blow 

souffrir. 

to  sufi'er 

souiller. 

to  stain,  to  soil 

soumettre. 

to  subdue 

soutenir, 

to  sustain 

subir, 

to  undergo,  to  submit 

suer,  to  perspire 

suivre,  ^  to  follow 

supplier,       to  implore,  to  supplicate 
surcharger,  to  overload 

survivre,  to  survive,  to  outlive 

sympathiser,  to  sympathise 

Tailler,  to  cut,  to  carve 

tarder,  to  delay 

tarir,  to  drain,  to  dry  up 

taxer,  to  tax 

tenir,  to  hold 

teter,  to  suck 

tirer,  to  draw,  to  pull 

tol^rer,  to  tolerate 

tomber,  to  fall 

tordre,  to  twist,  to  wring 

tortuer,  to  make  crooked 

tourner,  to  turn,  to  move  round 

traire,  to  milk 

traiter,  to  treat,  to  settle 

tranquilliser,  to  tranquillize 

travailler,  to  work 

tr^bucher,  to  stumble,  to  tumble 

trembler,  to  tremble 

tremper,  to  dip,  to  steep 

tricher,  to  cheat 

trotter,  to  trot 

to  kill 

to  unite 

to  wear  out,  to  use 

to  usurp 

to  make  useful 

to  be  worth 

to  vegetate 

to  watch,  to  sit  up  at  night 

to  sell 

to  come 

to  clothe 

to  empty 

to  grow  old 

to  violate,  to  transgress 

to  live 

to  row 

I  "Let  happen 

I  what  may" 

to  veil 

to  see 

to  fly,  to  steal 

to  travel 


tuer, 

Unir, 

user, 

usurper, 

utiliser, 

Valoir, 

V(§g6ter, 

veiller, 

vendre, 

venir, 

vetir, 

vider, 

vieillir, 

violer, 

vivre, 

voguer, 

"Vogue  la  caldre," 

voiler, 
voir, 
voler, 
voyager. 


vouloir, 


to  wish,  to  be  willing 


EXPRESSIONS  QUI  SONT  INVARIABlES 

Expressions  which  are  Invariable:^ 


Autrefois, 

auparavant, 

derni^rement) 

aujourd'hui, 

a  present 

maintenaiit 

dans  peu, 

d6sormais, 

tres- sou  vent, 

toujours, 

rarement, 

quelquefois 

jamais, 

d,  jamais, 

ailleurs, 

d'ailleurSi 

n^anmoins, 

pourtant, 

t6t  ou  tard. 

bient6t 

trop  tot 

trop  tard, 

trop  peu, 

peu  k  peu, 

encore, 

pas  encore) 

ici,  d'ici, 


formerly 

before 

lately 

to-day 

at  present 

now 

shortly 

hereafter 

very  often 

always 

seldom 

sometimes 

never,  ever 

for  ever 

elsewhere 

besides 

nevertheless 

however 

soon  or  late 

very  soon 

too  soon 

too  late 

too  little 

little  by  little 

again 

not  yet 

here,  from  hence 


ici  pr^s, 
pres  d'icij 
la,  de  la, 
la  haut, 
la  bas, 
d'en  hautj 
d'en  bas, 
en  dedans, 
en  dehors, 
sur,  dessus, 
sous,  dessous, 
plus,  moins, 
de  plus, 
du  moins, 
surtout^ 
tout  au  plus, 
serieusement, 
ensemble, 
ensuite, 
tour-a-tour, 
oui  vraiment, 
non — non  pas, 
point  du  tout, 
pourquoi 
paroe  que, 
ou,  d'ou, 


just  by 

hard  by 

there,  from  thence 

above 

below 

from  above 

from  below 

within 

without 

upon,  on 

under 

more,  less 

moreover 

at  least 

above  all 

at  the  most 

seriously 

together 

afterwards 

by  turns 

yes  indeed 

no — not 

not  at  all 

why 

because 

where,  from  whence 


*  The  following  expressions  and  the  like,  which  are  frequently  used  to  make  the 
tenses  of  our  Form  of  Speech  either  more  clear,  or  better  connected  together,  are 
called  invariable,  because  they  do  not  admit  of  a  diversity  of  grammatical  termi- 
naisons,  as  those  of  the  preceding  Sections^ 


PHRASES  FAMILIERES, 


ET 


Propres  d,  exercer  les  Jeunes  Gens  dans  la  langue  Franqaise, 


1. 


Mon  cher,  m.  ma  ch^re,  f. 
Mon  cher  enfant,  m.  ) 
Ma  ch^re  enfant,  f.     j 
Mon  bel  ange, 
Mon  amour, 
Ma  ch6re  ame, 
Mon  cher  Monsieur, 
Ma  ch^re  Dame, 


My  dear. 

My  dear  child. 

My  pretty  an^el. 
My  love. 
My  dear  soul. 
My  dear  sir. 
My  dear  madam. 


Donnez-moi,  s'il  vous  plait, 

Une  tasse  de  th6  —  de  cafe, 

Une  beurr^e, 

De  la  creme  ou  du  lait, 

Un  peu  de  sucre, 

Je  vous  remercie, 

.Te  vous  rends  graces, 

3. 

Apportez-moi,. 

Mon  livre  —  du  papier^ 

De  I'encre  —  une  plume, 

Pretez-moi,  pour  unj moment, 

Un  Diction naire, 

Votre  crayon  —  votre  canif, 

Je  vous  suis  bien  oblig6, 

4. 

Accord ez-moi  une  grace, 
Je  vous  prie, 
Je  vous  supplie, 
De  tout  mon  coeur. 
Si  je  le  puis  faire, 
Permettez-moi  de  sortir, 
Je  ne  saurais,  Je  ne  puis  pas, 
Restez  ici  un  moment, 
Prenez  votre  ouvrage, 


Give  me  if  you  please. 

A  cup  of  tea  —  of  coflfee. 

A  slice  of  bread  and  butter. 

Some  cream  or  some  milk. 

A  bit  of  sugar. 

I  thank  you. 

I  return  you  thanks. 

3. 

Bring  me. 

My  book  —  some  paper. 

Some  ink  —  a  pen. 

Lend  me,  for  a  moment, 

A  Dictionary. 

Your  pencil  —  yonr  pen-knifer. 

1  am  greatly  obliged  to  you. 

4. 

Grant  me  a  favor. 

Pray,  or  1  pray  you. 

I  beseech  you  or  entreat  you^ 

With  all  my  heart. 

If  I  can  do  it. 

Give  me  leave  to  go  out. 

I  cannot. 

Stay  here  a  moment. 

Take  up  your  work. 


-^  34  — 


5. 
Approcliez-vous  de  moiy 
Montrez-raoi  cela, 
Asseyez-vous  la, 
Prenez-garde, 
Pr^parez  votre  legon, 
Etes-vous  pret,  m.  pr§te  ?L 
Je  sais  ma  le§on, 
Levez-vous  d.  pr^enty 
Fermez  la  porte, 
Ouvrez  la  fenetre, 
Allez  vem9  ehauffery 

&.* 
Que  souhaftez-vous  ? 
Que  cberchez-vous  ? 
Qu'avez-vou8  perdu  ? 
R^poDdez-moi, 
Je  cbercbe  mon  cbapeau. 
Que  drtes-vous  ? 
Parlez  plus  baut, 
Je  ne  vous  entends  paSy 
A  quoi  pensez-vous  ? 
Que  laites-vous  ? 
Qu'aveZ'Vous  fait  ? 


5. 
Come  near  me* 
Sbow  me  tbat. 
Sit  down  tbere. 
Take  care. 

Get  your  lesson  ready* 
Are  you  ready  ? 
I  can  say  my  lesson. 
Rise  or  get  i^  now. 
Shut  tbe  door. 
Open  the  window. 
Go  and  warm  yourself!. 

6r 
Wbat  do  you  Want  ? 
Wbat  do  you  look  for  ? 
Wbat  bave  you  lost  ? 
Answer  me. 

I  am  looking  far  my  bat* 
"Wbat  do  you  say  ? 
Speak  louder. 
I  don't  hear  you. 
Wbat  are  you  thinking  of  ? 
What  are  you  doing  ? 
Wbat  have  you  done  ? 


FOUK   ABORiyEK   ET  SALUEK  qirELQfU%N^.r 
0/  Meeting  and  Saluting  a  Person. 


Monsieur,  Madame,  ou  Mademoisel 
le,*  je  vous  souhaite  le  bonjour, 


Sir,  madam,  or  miss,  I  wish  yorti   ai 
good  da}'-,  or  good  morning  to  yotty 


Comment  vous  po.-tez-vo^ta  ce  nyatin^  How  do  you  do  this  morning  ? 


Tr6s-bien,  Dieu  merci, 

Je  me  porte  fort  bien, 

A  votre  service, 

Pret  k  vous  rendre  service, 

Et  vous,  comment  va  la  sant^  ? 

Assez-bien, 

Passable ment  biem, 

Tout  douce naent;  1^  la, 

A  mon  ordinaire,' 

Parfaitement  bien, 

J'en  suis  bien-aise. 


Very  well,  thank  God* 

I  am  very  welL 

At  your  service. 

Ready  to  serve  you. 

And  you,  bow  is  it  with  you  ? 

Pretty  well. 

Tolerably  well. 

Indifferent;  so  so. 

As  usual. 

Exceedingly  well. 


\  am  very  glad  of  it. 
Et  vous,  Madame,  comment  va  Petat   And  you,  madam?,  boW  do  you  enjoy 

de  votre  sant6  ?  your  health  ? 

Je  ne  me  porte  pas  bien,         •  I  am  not  well, 

'en  suis  fach6,  m.  f^cb^e,  f.  I  am  sorry  for  it, 

*  Although  I  have  omitted  inserting  either  of  these  three  titles,  Monsieur^  etc^ 
n  following  phrases,  yet  one  of  them  is  to  be  irsed  according  to  the  person  spoke 
to,  every  time  a  question  or  an  answer  is  made. 


-.  S5  - 

Oomment  s6  porte  mdtisieur  votre  How  does  your  brother  do  to-day  ? 

fiere  aujourd'hui  f 

Jl  est  uii  peu  indispose,  He  is  a  little  indisposed. 

II  est  enrhum^;  il  a  mal  4  la  tete.  He  has  a  cold;  he  has  the  head'-ache. 

Je    suis   fach^    d^apprendre   qu'il  ae  I  am  sorry  to  hear  he  is  ill. 

porte  wial, 

J'irai  le  voir  ce  soir^  I'll  go  and  see  him  this  evening* 


n. 


t)t  I^eMps  et  de  L*iiEtJiiiiv 
0/  tke  W€atk€r  and  the  Houf\ 


Quel  tetttps  fait^l "? 

Fait  il  beau  temps  ? 

Fait-il  frcid  ou  chaud  ? 

il  fait  un  temps  (?lair,  serein  et  sett, 

^-^obscur,  humide,  venteux,  orageux, 

pluvieux, 
Pleut-il  ?  Neige-t-il  f 
11  pleut  4  verse^ 
II  neige  iln  peu^ 
II  g^le — il  grelci 
II  fait  grand  vent, 
II  fait  un  brouillard  fort  ^pais^ 
Le  soleil  commence  4  paraitre^ 
■Je  vois  I'arc-en-ciel, 
Cest  signe  de  beau  temps^ 
Quelle  heure  est-il  ? 
II  n'est  pas  tard, 
II  est  pr6s  d^une  heure, 
Une  heure  vient  de  sonnef^ 
II  est  une  heure  et  demie, 
II  s'en  va  deux  heuVes, 
L'horloge  sonne, 
Deux  heures  sont  sonn^es^ 
Je  ne  croyais  pas  qu'il  fClt  si  tard> 
Regardez  a  votre  montre, 
Elle  avance — elle  retarde, 
^lle  ne  vft  pas  bi^n, 


What  weather  is  it? 

Is  it  fine  weather  ? 

Is  it  cold  or  hot  ? 

It  is  clear,  serene,  and  dry  Weathef. 

— dark,  Wet^  Windy,  stormy  weather. 

Does  it  rain  ?   Does  it  snow  ? 

It  rains  very  hard. 

It  snows  a  little. 

It  freezes— it  hails. 

The  wind  is  very  high. 

There  is  a  very  thick  fog. 

The  sun  begins  to  appear^ 

I  see  the  rainbow. 

It  is  a  sign  of  fair  weathen 

What  o'clock  ? 

It  is  not  late. 

It  is  almost  one  cVlock^ 

It  has  just  struck  one. 

It  is  half  an  hour  past  one^ 

It  is  almost  two  o'clock. 

The  clock  strikes. 

It  has  struck  twOk 

I  did  not  think  it  Was  so  late* 

Look  at  your  watch. 

It  goes  too  fast-*^it  goes  too  sloWi 

It  does  not  go  right* 


.-»-.♦:,»«.,     . 


—  36  — 


III. 


POUR  ALLER,  "VENIR  &  ETC, 


OCi  allez  vous? 

Je  vais  chez-nous, 

D'oCi  venez-vous? 

Je  viens  de  chez  M.  B — 

Voulez-vous  veiiir  avec  moi? 

Voulez-vous  faire  un  tour? 

R6pondez-moi;  dites-raoi  oui  ou  non, 

Je  n'ai  pas  le  temps, 

Je  le  veux  bien;  j'y  consens, 

Oil  irons-nous? 

Par  oil  irons-nous? 

Allez  par  ici  —  par  1^, 

Cest  le  plus  court, 

Par  oCi  il  vous  plaira, 

A  la  main  gaitche  ou  k  droite, 

A  main  gauche  ou  k  gauche, 

Restez  1^  —  venez  ici, 

Traversons  ici  la  rue, 

Enfilons  cette  cour-ci, 

Vous  marchez  bien  vite, 

Je  ne  saurais  vous  suivre, 

Vous  allez  trop  vite, 

Vous  6ies  un  mauvais  marcheur,  m 

Allez  un  peu  plus  doucement, 

Etes  vous  las,  m.  lasse,    f. 

Je  suis  fort  fatigu6,  m.  e,  f* 

Reposons-nous  un  peu, 

Entrons  dans  ce  cafe-ci, 


Of  Going,  Coming  &*  etc. 

Where  are  you  going? 

I  am  going  home. 

Whence  do  you  come? 

I  come  from  Mr.  B — 's. 

Will  you  go  along  with  me? 

Will  you  take  a  walk? 
,   Answer  me;  tell  me  yes  or  no, 

I  have  no  time. 

I  will;  I  consent  to  it. 

Where  shall  we  go? 

Which  way  shall  we  go? 

Go  this  way  —  that  way. 

It  is  the  nighest  way. 

Which  way  \  ou  please. 

On  the  left  hand  or  to  the  right. 

On  the  left  hand  or  to  the  left. 

Stay  there  —  come  here. 

Let  us  cross  the  street  here. 

Let  us  go  through  this  court. 

You  walk  too  fast. 

I  cannot  go  so  fast. 

You  go  too  fast. 
,   You  are  a  bad  walker. 

Go  a  little  slower. 

Are  you  tired? 

1  am  very  much  tired. 

Let  us  rest  a  little. 

Let  us  go  into  this  coffee-bouse, 
IV. 


DES  JOURS,  DES  MOIS,  ET  DES  SAISONS. 

Of  the  Days,  Months,  and  Seasons. 

J'irai  k  Londres  Lundi  ou  Mardi  pro-   I  shall  go  to  London  on  Monday  or 

chain.  Tuesday  next. 

Je  reviendrai  Mercredi.  I  will  return  on  Wednesday. 

Mon  frSre  partira  Jeudi  ou  Vendredi.    ^^^^d^^a *'^'  "^'^  ""^^  ^"*  Thursday  or 

Jelui  toirai  Samedi  ou  Dimanche.   ^  ^^ll/^te  to  him  on  Saturday  or 

Sunday. 
II  fait  froid  aux  mois  de  Janvier  et  de   It    i }  cold  in  the  months  of  January 
F^vrier.  and  February. 

Lesjourssontlongs  au  mois  de  Mars.   '^^alrT  ^'^  ^"""^  '"^  ^^^  '^''^^'^  ""^ 
La  nature   semble   revivre  au  mois   Nature  seems  to  revive  in  the  month 
d'Avril.  of  April. 


37  — 


Les  arbres  sont  en  fleurs  au  raois  de 

Mai. 
On  fauche  les  pr^s  au  mois  de  Juin 

et  de  Juillet. 
On  commence  -X  couper  les  bl^s  au 

mois  d'Aodt  * 
La  moisson  est  presque  finie  au  mois 

de  Septembre. 
Les  jours  sont  fort  raccourcis  au  mois 

d'  octobre. 
Le  feu  coran»ence  X  ^tre  de  saison  au 

mois  de  Novembre. 
II  fait  bientot  nuit  A.  la  fin  de  D6cem- 

bre. 
Le  Printemps  est  agr^able;  l'Et6  est 

ordinairement  chaud   ;  I'Automne 

est  temp6r6,  et  THiver  est  froid. 


The  trees  are  in  bloom  in  the  month 
of  May. 

The  meadows  are  mowed  in  the 
months  of  June  and  July. 

They  begin  to  cut  down  the  wheat 
in  the  month  of  August. 

The  harvest  is  almost  over  in  the 
month  of  September. 

The  days  are  much  shortened  in  the 
month  of  October. 

Fire  begins  to  be  comfortable  in  the 
month  of  November. 

It  soon  grows  dark  at  the  end  of  De- 
cember. 

The  Spring  is  pleasant ;  the  Summer 
is  generally  hot  ;  the  Autumn  is 
mild,  and  the  Winter  is  cold. 


V. 


POUB   MANGER   ET   POUR   BOIKK. 
For  Eating  a?td  Drinking. 


J'ai  faim;  j'ai  grand'faim, 
Donnez-moi  quelque  chose  X  manger, 
Que  voulez-vous  manger;  du  pain  et 

du  beurre  ? 
Apportez-moi  quelque  autre  chose, 
Voulez-vous  du  roti  ou  du  bouilli  ? 
Voici  du  mouton,  du  boeuf,  du  veau, 

et  du  lard, 
Nous  avons  aussi  du  jambon,  qui  est 

excellent, 
Bin  souhaitez-vous  manger  ? 
VoiU   une    assiette,    un    couteau   et 

une  fourchette, 
Du  pain  rassis  et  du  pain  frais, 
Du  fromage  et  des  fruits, 
Servez  vous,  monsieur, 
J'ai  assez  mange, 
J'ai  soif;  j'ai  grand'soif, 
Donnez-moi  i\  boire, 
Votre  petite  bieie  n'est  pas  bonne, 
Je  la  trouve  trop  amere, 
Apportez-moi  un  verre  d'eau  et  de  vin, 
A  present,  j'ai  mange  et  bu  suffisam- 

ment, 
Otez  tout  ceci, 


I  am  hungry;  I  am  very  hungry. 

Give  me  something  to  eat. 

What  will  you  eat;  some  bread  and 

butter  ? 
Bring  me  something  else. 
Will  you  have  roast  or  boiled  meat  ? 
Here  is  some  mutton,  beef,  veal  and 

bacon. 
We  have  also  a  ham  which  is  very 

nice. 
Do  you  choose  to  eat  any  ? 
There  is  a  plate,  a  knife  and  a  fork. 

Some  stale  and  new  bread. 

Some  cheese  and  fruit. 

Helf  yourself,  sir. 

I  have  eaten  enough. 

I  am  dry;  1  am  very  dry. 

Give  me  some  drink. 

Your  small  beer  is  not  good. 

I  think  it  is.  too  bitter. 

Bring  me  a  glass  of  wine  and  water. 

Now  I  have  eaten  and  drunk  quite 

sufficient. 
Take  away  all  these  things. 


—  38  — 

VI. 

CE  QUI  CONCERNE  L'ECOLE  ET  LEE  ECOLIERS, 

Concerning    the  School  and  the  Schoolars. 

Vhere  is  your  book  ? 
There  is  your  grammar. 
Sit  down  in  your  place. 
Read  your  lesson. 
You  read  too  fast. 
Read  slower. 
Study  your  lesson. 
Get  It  to  yourself. 
You  do  nothing  but  play.. 


Oti  est  voire  livre? 
Voila  votre  grammaire, 
Asseyez-vous  A  votfe  place, 
Lisez  votre  le9on, 
Vous  lisez  trop  vite, 
Lisez  plus  douoement, 
Etudiez  votre  legon, 
Apprenez-la  tout  bas, 
Vous  ne  faites  que  badiner> 
Je  vous  marquerai, 
Faites-moi  un  peu  de  place, 
Vous  avez  asstz  de  place, 
Reoulez-vous  un  peu, 
Un  peu  plus  haut, 
Un  peu  plus  bas, 
Donnez  moi  mon  livre, 
OCi  coramengons-nous? 
Jusqu'oCi  disons-nous? 
Jusqu'ici,  et  pas  plus  loin, 
A  qui  est  oe  livre? 
Je  nei  sais  pas  ^  qui  il  est, 
Quelle  est  votre  tache? 
Savez-vous  votre  legon? 


I  will  set  you  down. 

Make  me  a  little  room. 

You  have  room  enough* 

Sit  a  little  farther. 

A  little  higher. 

A  little  lower. 

Give  me  my  book. 

Where  do  we  begin? 

How  far  do  we  say? 

So  far  and  no  farther. 

Whose  book  is  this? 

I  don't  know  whom  it  belongs  to. 

Where  is  your  task? 

Can  you  say  your  lesson? 


Pas  encore  ;  elle  est  longue  et  diffl-  Not  yet;  it  is  very  long  and  hard. 

cile.  Souj(flez-moi.  Prompt  me. 

Vous  etes  un  bredouilleur.  You  are  a  stammerer. 

Prononcez  plus  distinctement,  Pronounce  more  distinctly. 

Avez-vous  une  plume,  de  I'encre  et  Have  you  got  a  pen,  some  ink  and 


du  papier? 
Eorivez  votre  devoir, 
Vous  I'avez  mal  6crit, 
II  est  plein  de  fautes, 
Allez  le  r^crire, 
Et  d6pechez-vous, 
Dites  ou  r^citez  vocre  legon, 
Montrez-moi  votre  traduction, 
Je  ne  I'ai  pas  encore  faite, 
Vous  serez  puni  m.  punie  f. 


paper? 
Write  your  exercise. 
You  have  done  it  badly. 
It  is  full  of  faults. 
Go  and  write  it  over  again. 
And  make  haste. 
Say  or  repeat  your  lesson. 
Show  me  your  translation. 
I  have  not  wrote  it  yet. 
You  shall  be  punished. 


A  quelle  heure  vous  §tes-voua  levd  At  what  o'clock  did  you  get  up  this 

oe  matin?  morning? 

A  huit  heures,  At  eight  o'clock 

Ponrquoi  ne  vous  ^tes-vous  pas  leve  Why  did  you  not  get  up  sooner? 

plus  t6t? 

Persoane  ne  m'a  6veill6  m.  Nobody  called  me  up. 

Vous  etes  un  paresseux,  You  are  a  sluggard. 

Demeurez  k  votre  place.  Keep  in  your  place. 

Otez-vous  de  ma  placcj  Get  out  of  my  place. 


--  39  — 


Pourquoi   me   poussez-vous    joomme 

cela? 
Qui  est-ce  qui  vous  pousse? 
Je  me  plaindrai  de  vous, 
Faites-le,  si  vous  voulez, 
Je  ne  m'en  soucie  point, 
Vous  etes  un  rapporteur, 
Taisez-vous, 
Tenez-vous  tranquille, 
II  a  erach6  sur  mes  habits, 
11  m'a  donn4  un  soufflet, 

II  m'a  ^gratign6  le  visage, 

II  a  d^chir^  mon  livre, 

Cest  un  espi^gle, 

Vous  etes  un  vaurien. 

Monsieur,  il  m'empeche  d'apprendre 
ma  le(}on, 

II  nie  pousse  hors    de  ma  place, 

II  me  donne  des  coups  de  pied, 

Pourquoi    I'avez-vous     dinonc^     swi 
Maitre  ? 

Je  vous  en  ferai  repentir, 

MeleZ'Vous  de  vos  affaires, 


Why  do  you  push  me  er  thruBt  me 

so? 
Who  pushes  you? 
I'll  complain  of  you. 
Do  it,  if  you  will. 
I  don't  care  for  that. 
You  are  a  tell-tale. 
Hold  your  tongue. 
Be  quiet,  or  be  still. 
He  has  spit  upon  my  clothes. 
He  gave  me  a  box  on  the  ear. 
He  scratched  my  face. 
He  has  torn  my  book. 
He  is  a  mischievous  boy. 
You  are  a  wicked  boy. 
Sir,  he  hinderg  me  from  getting  my 

lesson. 
He  thrusts  me  out  of  my  place. 
He  kicks  me 
Why  did  you  tell  the  Master  of  him? 

I  will  make  you  repent  of  it. 
Mind  your  own  business. 


FIN, 


—  40 


ELEMENTS  OF  FRENCH  GRAMMAR 


GRAMMATICAL  RULES 


PARTS   OF   SPEECH. 


There  are  ten  parts  of  speech,  or  sorts  of  words  ;  six  of  which,  namely, 
the  article,  the  substantive  or  noun  substantive,  the  adjective  or  noun  ad- 
jective, the  pronoun,  the  verb  and  the  participle,  are  variable,  that  is, 
are  liable  to  vary  in  their  termination  ;  and  the  remaining  four,  namely, 
the  adverb,  the  preposition,  the  conjunction  and  the  interjection,  are  in- 
variable, that  is,  never  change. 

•The  substantive  serves  to  name  a  person  or  thing,  as  Henri,  Henry; 
BATON,  stick. 

The  adjective  is  a  word  added  to  a  substantive  to  express  some  quality 
or  property  of  a  person  or  a  thing;  as  "aimable  enfant,"  amiable  child; 
"  rose  blanche,"  white  rose. 

The  peculiar  adjective- words  un,  une,  a  or  an;  and  le,  la,  les,  the,  are 
called  "articles." 

The  verb  is  a  word  by  which  we  express  that  persons  or  things  do  any 
thing,  or  are  any  thing,  or  have  any  thing  done  to  them;  as  "Charles  lit," 
Charles  reads.  "Le  boeuf  est  utile" — The  ox  is  useful.  "  Un  bon  ^l^ve 
EST  recompense  par  son  maitre" — A  good  pupil  is  rewarded  by  his  master. 

The  pronoun  is  a  word  that  stands  for  a  noun,  to  avoid  repetition  ;  as, 
"L'enfant  est  fatigu6,  IL  dort" — The  child  is  tired,  he  is  asleep. 

The  participle  is  so  called  because  it  participates  of  both  the  adjective 
and  the  verb;  as,  "un  chien  dormant" — a  sleeping  dog;  "un  baton  rompu" 
a  broken  stick. 

The  adverb  is  a  word  added  to  a  verb,  an  adjective,  or  another  adverb, 
to  express  some  circumstance,  modifying  such  verb,  adjective,  or  adverb; 
as,  "servir  piDijLEMENT" — to  serve  faithfully;  "TR^s-grand,"  very  great; 
*'rOfiT  bien,"  very  well. 

Toe  preposi  ion  'erves  to  denote  a  relation  between  two  words;  as,  "Je 
viens  de  Paris  ' — I  co.i  e  from  Paris. 

The  conjunction  is  used  to  connect  words  or  sentences  together;  as, 
"Dieu  ET  mon  droit" — God  and  and  my  right.  "Soyons  heureux,  mais 
soyons  sages" — Let  us  be  happy,  but  let  us  be  wise. 

The  interjection  expresses  a  sudden  emotion;  as,  ha!  helas! 


41 


ARTICLE. 


There  are  in  French  three  articles,  the  definite,  the  indefinite,  and  the 
partitive.  They  agree  in  gender  and  number  with  the  noun  to  which  they 
relate. 

DEFINITE  ARTICLE 

The  definite  article  is  le,  la,  les,  the. 

3.  LE  is  masculine  singular;  as,  "  le  p6re,"  the  father. 

4.  LA  is  feminine  singular;  as,  "  la  m6re,"  the  mother. 

5.  l'  (apostrophe,  see  page  1)  is  singular  of  either  gender;  as,  "I'enfant" 
the  child. 

6.  LES  is  plural  of  either  gender;  as,  "  les  enfants,"  the  children. 

When  LE  or  les  is  preceded  by  de,  of  or  from,  or  by  ^,  to  or  at,  D  i 
LE  is  contracted  into  du,  de  les  into  des,  d,  le  into  au,  and  d  les  into  Aux; 
therefore  : — 

7.  DU  is  used  instead  of  cl6  le. 

8.  DEs  is  used  instead  of  de  les, 

9.  AU  is  used  instead  of  d,  le. 
10.   Aux  is  used  instead  of  cl  les 

INDEFINITE  AKTICLE. 

The  indefinite  article  is  UN,  une,  a  or  an. 

11.  UN  is  masculine  singular;  as,  "un  fr6re,"  a  brother. 

12.  une  is  feminine  singular;  as,  "une  sceur,"  a  sister. 

PARTITIVE  ARTICLE. 

13.  The  partitive  article  is  du,  de  la,  de  l'  or  des,  some  or  any. 

14.  Some  or  any  is  often  understood  in  English,  but  in  French  the  ar- 
ticle du,  de  LA,  de  l'  or  DES,  is  always  used  before  a  noun  taken  in  a  par- 
titive sense,  as  : 

II  a  append  du  papier,  de  I'encre  et  g^  ^as  brought  paper,  ink 

des  plumes.  "      r  r     ^ 

Avezvous  de  la  cire  ?  —  Non,  mais  Have  you  any  wax  ? — N    ,  out  I  have 

j'ai  des  pains  k  cacheter.  some  wa 

15.  When  a  noun  is  preceded  by  an  adjective,  and  is  taken  vaguely  in 
a  partitive  sense,  de  is  used  without  the  article,  as  : 

Get  homme  a  de  grands  talents.  That  man  has  great  talents. 

But  the  article  is  used  whenever  the  substantive  is  taken  in  a  particular 
sense,  or  is  considered  as  forming,  with  the  adjective,  a  compound  word,  as : 
Voild  de  la  bonne  viande.  There  is  some  good  meat, 

Voici  des  petits  pains  tout  chauds.       Here  are  some  rolls  quite  hot. 


—  42  — 


16.    ENGLISH  CONSTEUCTIONS  INVERTED  BY  TEANSLA.TION  INTO  FRENCH. 

When  the  English  possessive  case  is  expressed  by  '5,  as  in  *'my  father's 
house,"  the  words  are  rendered  in  an  inverted  manner  in  French,  and  their 
relation  is  conveyed  by  the  preposition  db,  as  : 

My  father's  house. — "La  maison  de  mon  p6re,"  literally,  the  house  of  my 

father. 
The  child's  toys. — "Les  jouets  de  I'enfant,"  literally,  the  toys  of  the  child, 
A  mother's  affection. — "L'affection  d'une  m6re,"  literally,  the  aflFection  of 

a  mother. 

The  preposition  de  is  also  put  between  the  name  of  the  thing  and  the 
name  of  the  matter  of  which  it  is  made,  and  this  is  in  French  always  the 
last  ;  as, 

A  leather  shoe.  •  Un  Soulier  de  cuir. 

A  paper  hat.  Un  chapeau  de  papier 

A  silk  handkerchief.  Un  mouchoir  de  sole. 

Thread  stockings.  Des  bas  de  fil. 


SUBSTANTIVES. 

FORMATION  OF  THE  PLURAL  OF  SUBSTANTIVES. 

General  Rule 

17.  The  plural  of  substantives  is  formed  by  adding  an  s  to  the  singular; 
as,  FEUiLLE,  leaf,  feuilles,  leaves. 

Exceptions. 

18.  Substantives  ending  with  s,  a,  or  2,  in  the  singular,  do  not  vary 
the  plural;  as,  bras,  arm,  bras,  arms;   noix,  nut,  Noix,  nuts;  nez,  nose, 
NEZ,  noses. 

19.  Substantives  ending  with  au,  eu,  or  ou,  take  an  cc;  as,  marteau, 
hammer,  marteaux,  hammers;  feu,  fire,  feux,  fires;  joujou,  toy,  joujoux, 
toys. 

20.  Bleu,  blue,  clou,  nail,  and  a  few  more  substantives  in  ou,  follow  the 
general  rule;  that  is,  take  an  s  ;  bleus,  clous. 

21.  Substantives  ending  with  al,  or  ail,  change  these  terminations  into 
Aux;  as,  CHEVAL,  horse,  chevaux,  horses;  travail,  work,  travaux,  works. 

22.  BAL,  ball,  fivENTAiL,  fan,  and  a  few  more  substantives  in  al,  ail, 
follow  the  general  rule;  that  is,  take  s  :  bals,  £ventails. 

23.  The  following  are  irregular  :  ceil,  eye,  yeux,  eyes,  (oeils  in  some 
instances;)  aieul,  grand-father,  aieuls,  grand-fathers;  a'ieux,  ancestors; 
ciel,  heaven,  sky;  cieux,  heavens  (ciels  in  some  instances.) 


-  43  — 
ADJECTIVES. 

24.  The  adjective  agrees  in  gender  and  number  with  the  substantive  to 
witch  it  relates  :  as,  UN  beau  chien,  a  fine  dog  ;  une  maison  bl  nche,  a 
white  house  ;  deux  chbvaux  noirs,  two  black  horses. 

25.  If  the  adjective  relates  to  several  substantives,  it  is  put  in  the  plural; 
as, 

Mon  p6re  et  mon  frfiresontheureux.     My  father  and  brother  arc  happy. 
Ma  m6re  et  ma  soeur  sont  heureuses.     My  mother  and  sister  are  happy. 

26.  If  the  substantives  to  which  the  adjective  relates  are  of  different  gen- 
ders, it  is  put  in  the  masculine  plural  ;  as, 

Mon  p6re  et  ma  m6re  sont  heureux.     My  father  and  mother  are  happy. 

FOEllfATION   OF  THE  FEMININE  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

27.  An  adjective  is  made  feminine  by  the  addition  of  an  e  mute  to  the 
masculine  termination,  as  grand,  gkande,  great,  large,  tall;  petit, petite, 
little,  small. 

28.  Adjectives  ending  in  the  masculine  with  e  mute  do  not  change  for 
the  feminine;  as  utile,  useful;  s^v^re,  severe. 

29.  Adjectives  ending  with  el,  eil,  ien,  on,  as,  or  et,  double  their  last 
consonant  and  take  e  mute;  as  cruel,  cruelle,  cruel;  pareil,  pareille, 
like,  CHRETIEN,  cuRfiTiENNE,  christian;  bon,  bonne,  good;  las,  lasse, 
tired;  MUET,  MUETTE,  dumb. 

30.  Ras,  shorn,  makes  in  the  feminine  rase.  Complet,  discret,  inquiet, 
SECRET,  make  complIste,  discrete,  inqui^te,  secrete.  Cher,  dear,  makes 

CH^RE. 

31.  Adjectives  ending  witg  /^change  /'into  ve;  as  neup,  neuve,  new. 
52.  Adjectives  ending  with  x  change  x  iuto  se;  as    heureux,    heureusb, 

happy;  nombreux,  nombreure,  numerous;  jaloux,  jalouse,  jealous. 

33.  Adjectives  ending  with  eur  generally  change  eur  into  kuse;  as 
TROMPEUR,  trompeuse,  deccitful. 

34.  Ant^rieur,  ext^rieur,  inf^rieur,  int^rieur,  majeur,  mineur,  meilleur, 
sup^rieur,  take  e  mute.  Aocusateur,  conducteur,  cr^ateur,  protecteur,  make 
in  th6  feminine^  accusatrice,  conductrice,  etc.  Vengeur,  enchanteur,  make 
vengeresse,  enchanteresse. 

35.  Among  other  adjectives  which  form  their  feminine  irregularly  are  : 
Mas.  Fem.  Mas.  Fem. 


Beau  ) 

Bel      f 

Blanc, 

Doux, 

Epais, 

Favori, 

Faux, 

Fou,  ) 

Fol,   \ 

Frais, 

Franc, 

Gentil, 

Gros, 

Long, 

Malin, 


belle,      j 

fine,  beautiful. 

Mou,  ) 
Mol,   ] 

blanche. 

white. 

Nouveau, 

douce. 

sweet. 

Nouvel, 

6paisse, 

thick. 

Nul  (ne,) 

favorite. 

favorite.  ' 

Public, 

fausse, 

false. 

Roux, 

folle. 

mad. 

Sec, 
Sot, 

fraiche. 

fresh. 

Tiers, 

franchq. 

frank. 

Traitre, 

gentille. 

pretty. 

Turc, 

grosse. 

big. 

Vieux,  ) 
Vieil,    \ 

longue. 

long. 

maligne, 

ma  ignant. 

molle, 


soft. 


nouvelle. 

new. 

nulle. 

no. 

publique, 

public. 

rousse. 

red. 

s6che, 

dry. 

sotte, 

silly. 

tierce. 

third. 

traitresse. 

traitor 

turque. 

turk. 

vieille, 

old. 

—  44  — 

36.  Beau,  fou,  mou,  nouvkau,  viecix,  are  used  before  a  consonant  or  h 
aspirated;  but  bbl,  fol,  mol,  wouvel,  vieil,  are  used  before  a  vowel  or 
silent  h. 

FOEMATION  OF  THE  PLUEAL  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

37.  The  plural  of  adjectives  is  generally  formed  like  the  plural  of  subs- 
tantives. Many  adjectives  in  al  form  their  plural  in  aux,  as  iiGAL,  £gaux, 
equal. 

PLACE  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

38.  Adjectives  in  B^rench  are  generally  placed  after  substantives  ;  as, 
UNE  CHAMBRE  cARRfiE,  a  Square  room;  une  nuit  obscure,  a  dark  night. 

39.  The  following  adjectives  usually  precede  the  substantives:  beau, 
fine;  bon,  good;  cher,  dear  (denoting  affection;)  digne,  worthv;  grand, 
great,  jeune,  young;  joli,  pretty;  malvais,  bad;  MfiCHANT, wicked;  meil- 
LEUR,  better;  moindre,  less;  petit,  little;  vieux,  old. 

DEGREES  OF  COMFAEiSON. 

There  are  three  degrees  of  comparisou: — 1.  The  positive,  or  the  adjec- 
tive itself.  2.  The  comparative,  expressed  by  jo/ws,  more,  or  moms ^  less, 
placed  before  the  adjective.  3.  The  superlative,  expressed  by  le,  la,  or 
LEs  plus,  the  most;  le,  la,  or  les  moins,  the  last,  placed  before  the  adject- 
ive: as, 

positive.  comparative.  superlative. 

f  plus  digne,  le  plus  digne, 

Digne^  J  worthier.  the  worthiest, 

worthy.  j  moms  digne,  le  moins  digne, 

[  less  worthy.  the  least  worthy. 

40.  To  denote  a  comparaison  of  equality,  aussi,  as,  is  placed  before  the 
adjective,  and  que,  as,  after  it;  as,HENRi  est  aussi  atten  tip  que  Robert. 
Henry  is  as  attentive  as  Robert. 

41.  To  denote  a  comparison  of  suoeriority,PLUS,  more,  is  placed  before 
the  adjective,  and  que,  than,  after  it;  as,  Charles  est  plus  grand  que 
Louis.  Charles  is  taller  than  Lewis. 

42.  To  denote  a  comparison  of  inferiority,  moins,  less,  is  placed  before 
the  adjective,  and  que,  than,  after  it;  as,  Caroline  est  moins  instruitb 
QUE  Louise.  Caroline  is  less  learned  than  Louisa. 

THE    superlative    DEGREE. 

When  the  quality  is  expressed  in  a  very  high  degree,  without  implyiag 
a  comparison,  the  superlati AC  is  called  absolute,  and  is  formed  with  some 
adverb  of  degree,  such  as,  tr^s,  fort,  bien,  very;  extremement,  extrem- 
ely; excessivement,  excessively,  etc*,  before  the  adjective;  as,  ma  mere 
est  tres-heureuse.  My  mother  is  very  happy. 

44.  When  the  superlative  expresses  a  comparison  with  other  objects,  it 
is  called  relative,  and  is  formed  by  prefixing  le,  la,  les,  mon,  ma,  etc.,  to 
the  adverbs  plus  and  moins;  as,  la  plus  appliqu^e  de  vos  sceurs,  the 
most  sedulous  of  your  sisters;  le  plus  heureux  des  iiommes,  the  happiest 
of  men. 

45.  The  following  ndjectives  form  their  degrees  of  comparison  irregularly: 
Bon,  good;  meilleue,  better;  le  meilleur,  the  best. 


—  45  — 


Matjvais,  bad;  pire  or  plus  mauvais,  worse;  lk  pire  or  le  plus  mauvais 
the  worst. 

Petit,  little  or  small;  moindre,  or  plus  petit,  less  or  smaller;  le  moin- 
DRE  or  LE  PLUS  PETIT,  the  last  or  smallest. 

46.  The  comparative  of  these  adjectives  must  not  be  mistaken  for  the 
comparative  of  their  corresponding  adverbs: 

BiEN,  well;  MiEUX,  better;  le  mieux,  the  best. 

Mal,  badly;  pis  or  plus  mal,  worse;  le  pis  or  le  plus  mal,  the  worst. 

Peu,  little;  hour's,  less;  le  moins,  least. 

NUMERALS. 

47.  The  cardinal  numbers  are: 
Un,  one. 
Deux,  two. 
Trois,  three. 
Quatre,  four. 
Cinq,  five. 
Six,  six. 
Sept,  seven. 
Huit,  eight. 
Neuf,  nine. 
Dix,  ten. 
Vingt,  twentv. 
Vingt  et  un,  twenty-one. 
Vingt-deux,  twenty-two. 
Vingt-troiis,  twenty-three. 
Vingt-quatre,  twenty-four. 
Trente,  thirty. 
Trentc  et  un,  thirty-one. 
Trente-deux,  thirty-two. 
Trente-trois,  thirty- three. 
Trente-quatre,  thirty-four. 
Quarante,  forty. 
Quarante  et  un,  forty-one. 
Soixante,  sixty. 
Soixante  et  un,  sixty-one. 
Quatre-vingt,  eighty. 
Quatre-vlngt-un,  eighty-one. 
Cent,  a  hundred. 


Onze,  eleven. 
Douze,  Twelve. 
Treize,  thirteen. 
Quatorze,  fourteen. 
Quinze,  fifteen. 
Seize,  sixteen. 
Dix-sept,  seventeen. 
Dix-huit,  eighteen. 
Dix-neuf,  nineteen. 

Vingt-cinq,  twenty  6ve. 
Vingt-six,  twenty-six. 
Vingt-sept,  twenty-seven. 
Vingt-huit,  twenty-eight. 
Viogt-neuf,  twenty-nine. 
Trente-cinq,  thirty-five. 
Trente-six,  thirty-six. 
Trente-sept,  thirty-seven. 
Trente-huit.  thirty-eight. 
Trente-neuf,  thirty-nine. 
Cinquante,  fifty. 
Cinquante  et  un,  fifty-one. 
Soixante  et  dix,  seventy. 
Soixante  et  onze,  seventy-one. 
Quatre-vingt-dix,  ninety. 
Quatre-vingt-onze.  ninety-one. 
Mille,  a  thousand. 


48.  Mjlle  is  spelt  m?7,  when  it  refers  to  the  Christian  era;  as,  Van  mjl 
hujt  cent  cinquante  quatre,  the  year  1854. 

49.  The  ordinal  numbers  are  : 

Premier,  first.  Neuvi^me,  ninth. 

Second,        |  ,  Dixi^mo,  tenth. 

Deuxi^me,  f  ^econu,  Onzi^me,  eleventh, 

Troisi^me,  third.*  Douzi^me,  twelfth. 

Quatri^me,  fourth.  Vingtieme,  twentieth. 

Oinqui^me,  fifth.  Vingt  et  uni^me,  twenty-first. 

Sixieme,  sixth.        •  Vingi-deuxieme,  twenty-second. 

Septi^me,  seventh.  Trentieme,  thirtieth. 

Huitidme,  eighth.  Quaranti^me,  etc.,  fortieth. 


eub.   40    -"^ 

50.  The  distributive  numbers  (fractions)  are  I 

La  moiti6,  the  half.  Le  cinqui^me,  the  fiftbj 

Le  tiers,  the  third.  Le  sixi6me,  the  sixth. 

Le  quart,  the  fourth.  Le  septi^me,  the  seventh. 

Les  trois  quarts,  the  three  fourths.      The  rest  like  the  ordinal  numbet*3* 

51.  In  speaking  of  sovereigns,  or  the  days  of  the  month,  the  cardinal 
numbers  are  generally  used^  as^  Louis  quaTorzeJ,  koi  de  J^rijtcb*  Louis 
the  XlVth,  king  of  France.  Le  i>eux  avril.  The  second  of  April. 

52.  Except  in  mentioning  the  first}  aa,  Henri  Ibr.  Henry  the  1st.  L^ 
iPREMiER  JANVIER.  The  Ist  of  January. 


PRONOUNS. 

I»EB80NAL  PRONOUNS*  - 

"( 

§3.  The   following   pronouns  are  called  conjundtive,  because  they  ai"^      I 
Immediately  united  with  verbs:  ■^. 


SUBJECT  OB 

OBJECTIVE  CASES. 

tINATIVE    CASE. 

DATlVBi 

ACOUSATlVfi. 

je,  L 
tu,  thou, 
il,  he,  it,       ) 
elle,  she,  it.  j 

me,  to  me» 

te,  to  thee. 

,   .     j  to  him,  to  hefj 

^"^'^    \          to  it. 

me^  me. 

te,  thee, 
le,  himj  iti 
la,  her,  it. 

nous,  We. 

nous,  to  us. 

nous,  us. 

vousj  you. 

vousj  to  you. 

vous,  you. 

eL.l"'^^ 

leurj  to  thenl* 

les,  them 

19tt,    himself,  herself,  itsel^j  oriels  selfj  themaelvesj  each,  oii  one  another,  olfc 

to  himself,  to  herself,  to  itself,  to  one's  self j  to  themselves  etc* 
Y,    to  him,  her,  itj  them,  etc; 
EN,  of  OR  from  himj  her,  itj  them,  etCi 

54.  Conjunctive  personnel  pronouns  in  the  accusative  or  dative  fere  al- 
>vays  placed  before  the  verbj  unless  the  verb  be  in  the  imperative  affirma* 
live  (see  Rule  59);  as, 

Je  vous  voisi  1  see  you. 

II  me  parle*  .  He  speaks  to  rtle» 

Prenez-le»  Take  it. 

55»  In  interrbgations,  the  pi^orioUn  in  the  tiominative  case  comes  after  the 
Verb;  as,  Parlez-tous  fran^ais  ?  Do  yoa  speak  French  ? 

56.  The  following  pronouns  are  called  disjuuctivcj  because  they  are 
used  independently  of  the  verb,  or  separated  from  it: 

SINGULABi 


ifOMi^AfiViJ  )  MOi,  Toi, 

AISD  y  I,  thou, 

ACCUSATIVE.  )  me,  thee. 


LUl, 

he, 
him, 


ELLiJ, 

she, 
hef> 


801, 

one's  selfi 


_  4^ 


t'LUEAL 


NOUS, 

we, 
us 


voirs, 
you, 


EUX, 

they, 
them. 


they, 
them. 


KOMiKAttVE 

AND 
ACCUSATIVE 

57.  T,he  disjunctive  personal  pronouns  are  often  connected  with  thd 
'Word  "raeme,"  self  J 

moi-meme,    myself.  nous*ttiemesj  ourselves, 

toi-m^me,    thyself.  Vous-meme,    yourself; 

lui-meme,     himself*  vous-rtiemesj  yourselves 

elle-m£me,    herself.  eux-memes,     )  ^,  . 

soi-meme,    one's  self.  elles-fxidmes,  P^^""^^^''®^' 

58.  The  disjunctive  pronouns  are  found  after  a  verb  or  a  preposition j 
and  sometimes  are  used  alone  for  the  sake  of  emphasis  J  as,  "C'est  moi." 
It  is  I.  "Parle-t-il  de  moi  ?"  Does  he  speak  of  me  ?  **Lul,  il  est  Alle- 
mand."  He  is  a  German. 

68.  Personal  pronouns  are  placed  after  the  verb  iu  the  imperative  affir- 
mative ;  as  "Prenez-le.''    Take  it.    "Parlez-leur."    Speak  to  them. 

60.  After  the  imperative  affirmative,  MOt  and  toi  are  substituted  for  m6 


»nd  te^  except  when  followed  by  en 
a  book. 


as,  "Donnez  moi  un  livre*"  Give  me 


f^OSSESSIVE  PRONOUNS. 


61.  The  following,  being  always  used  with  nouns,  are  Called  pronouiiij 
adjective : 

SINQULAR  I'LURAL. 

MASO.  FKM.  OF  BOTH  GENDBB84 


mon, 
ton, 

ma, 

ta. 

son, 

notre, 
Votre, 

leur, 

sa, 

mes, 

tes, 

see, 

my, 
thy, 
his,  her,  its,  one'si 

no8. 

our* 

vos, 
leursi 

your, 
their. 

62.  The  followingj  having  a  reference  to  nouns  understood,  are  called 
disjunctive  possessive  pronouns  : 

le  mien,     la  mienne,     les  miens, 
les  tiens 

les  siens, 


le  tien, 

la  tienne 

le  sien, 

la  sienne, 

le  n&tre, 
le  votre, 
le  leur. 

la  n6tre, 
la  votrc, 
la  leur, 

les  miennes, 

mine. 

les  tiennes, 

thine. 

les  siennes, 

j  his,  her,  its, 
(    one's  own. 

les  n6tre9, 

ours< 

les  v6tres, 

yours* 

lea  leurs, 

theirs^ 

63.  Possessive  pronouns  agree  in  gender  and  number  With  the  object 

Eossessed,  and  never,  as  in  English,  with  the  possessor;   as,   **8on  mari,'* 
er  husband  ;  "sa  soeur,"  his  or  her  sister. 

64.  MON,  TON  SON,  are  used  instead  of  ma,  ta,  ^a,  befere  nouns  femin- 
ine beginning  with  a  vowel  or  h  mute; as,  "mondme,"  my  soul;  "son^pou-' 

e,"  his  wife* 


—  48  — 

EELATIVE  PRONOUNS 

65.  The  relative  pronouns  are  those  which  relate  to  a  preceding  noun  or 
pronoun,  which  is  called  antecedent,  and  with  which  they  agree  in  gender, 
number  and  person.    They  are  : 

"qui,'*  who,  which,  that. 

"de  qui,"  of  or  from  whom,  whose;  "dont,"  of  or  from  whom,  of  or  from 

which,  whose;  "de  quoi,"  of  or  from  what, 
"a  qui,"  to  whom;  "a  quoi,"  to  what, 
"que,"  whom,  which,  that, 
"lequel,  m.  s.,  laquelle,  f.  s.,  lesquels,  m.  pi.,  lesquelles,  f.  pi.,"  which, 

whom,  that. 

66.  The  following  are  interrogative  : 

"qui"?  who  or  whom  ?  "qui  est-ce  qui?  de  qui"?  etc. 

*'quoi?  que?  qu'est-ce  que"?  what?  "de  quoi"?  etc. 

"lequel?  m.  s.,  laquelle?  f.  s.,  lesquels?  m.  pi.,  lesquelles"?  f.  pi.,  which  ? 

67.  The  following  are  always  used  with  a  substantive  : 

"quel,  m.  s.,  quelle,  f.  s.,  quels,  m.  pi.,  quelles,  f.  pi.,"  what  ?  which  ? 

DEMONSTRATIVE  PRONOUNS. 

68.  The  demonstrative  pronouns  serve  to  point  out  the  thing  or  things 
spoken  of.  The  following  are  called  pronouns  adjective  : 


''    !-      cette.  this,  that.  ces.  these,  those. 


SINGULAR.  PLURAL. 

MASC.  FEM.  OF    BOTH    GENDERS. 

ce, 
cet, 

69.  Cet  is  used  before  a  noun  masculine  beginning  with  a  vowel  or  a 
silent  h. 

70.  Ge  is  much  used  with  est^  is,  and  corresponds  with  the  English  it ; 
as.  Vest  vous.    It  is  you.    O^est  un  livre.    It  is  a  book. 

71.  Ct,  here,  and  /^,  there,  are  sometimes  added  to  the  noun  after,  ce, 
cette,  ces  ^  as,  ce  livre-ci,  this  book.;  ceUe  plume- let,  that  pen. 

72.  The  following  demonstrative  prono\ins  refer  to  an  object  not  named: 

ceci,  this  ;  as,  Ceci  est  utile^  This  is  useful. 

cela,  that  ;        Gela  est  inutile,  That  is  useless. 

73.  The  following  point  out  an  obiect  previously  mentioned  : 

celui,  m.  s.,  celle,  f.  s.,  this,  that. 

ceux,  m.  pi.,  cellos,  f.  pi.,  these,  those. 
celm-cL  m.  s.  )       .i.  celui-lct,  m.  s.  )      .,    . 

celle-cCts.     \     ""^°"«-  celle-\&^i.s.     \     t^"*  °"«- 

ceux-ci,  m,  pi.  )       .,  ceux-lct,  m.  pi.  )       , , 

celles-ci,  f.  pi.  f     ^^^^^  celles-m,  f.  pi .  j      ^^°^® 

74.  Ce,  celui,  ceux,  and  celles,  are  also  used  with  a  relative  pronoun  in 
reference  to  a  noun  previously  expressed  ;  as,  Celui  qui  fait  son  devoir — 
He  who  does  his  duty.     Celui  quefaime — He  whom  I  love. 


—  49  — 
PRONOUNS  AND  ADJECTIVES  INDEFINITE. 

75.  Pronouns  and  adjectives  indefinite  have  a  vague  and  general  signi- 
fication ;  as, 

ON,  l'on,  one,  they,  people.  quiconque,  whoever. 

PLUSiEURS,  several.  quelconque,  whatever,  any. 

AUTRE,  other.  quelqde,    )      ^^^^   ^  ^^^ 

AUTRUi,  other  people,  others.  quklques,  j  ' 

CHACUN,  each,  every  one.  quelques-uns,  some 

personne,  anybody.  quelque.  .  .que,  however. 

persoxne  (ne),  nobody.  L^uer  l'autre,  one  another. 

TEL,  he,  who,  buch,  such  a  one.  l'un  et  l'autre,  both. 

QUELQu'uN,  somebody.  l'un  ou  l'autre,  either. 

AUCUN,  any  one.  Ni  l'un  ni  l'autre,  neither. 

certain,  certain,  nul,  no  one. 

CHAQUE,  each,  every.  tout,  every  thing. 

QUI  QUE  CE  soiT,  whoever.  tout.  .  .que,  however. 
Quoi  QUK  OE  SOIT,  whatever. 

76.  Autre,  certain,  chaque,  quelqttk,  quelconque,  plusikurs,  tel, 
TOUT,  AUCUN,  NUL,  are  used  adjectively. 

VERBS. 

77.  The  verb  etre^  to  be,  as  it  expresses  existence,  is  called  a  verb  sub- 
stantive; all  other  verbs,  as  they  contain  an  attribute  or  quality,  are  called 
verbs  attributive.  These  are  divided  into  verbs  active  or  transitive;  verbs 
passive  ;  verbs  neuter  or  intransitive  ;  verbs  reflective,  and  verbs  unipers- 
onal  or  impersonal. 

MOODS  AND  TENSES. 

78.  A  verb  has  five  moods  :  1.  The  infinitive,  which  denotes  an  action 
or  state  in  an  indefinite  manner  ;  as,  aimer,  to  love.  2.  The  indicative, 
which  affirms  positively;  &s,^eparle — I  speak.  3.  The  conditional,  which 
affirms  conditionally  ;  as,  tie  pari erais  5i,  etc. — I  would  speak,  if  etc.  4. 
The  imperative,  which  implies  command,  request;  as,  Parle— Spe&k.  5. 
The  subjunctive,  which  denotes  an  action  or  state  in  a  manner  dependent 
on  a  preceding  verb,  which  implies  doubt,  fear,  or  desire,  and  to  which  it 
is  connected  by  the  conjunction  ^?<ey  bls,  Je  doute  quHl  vienne — I  doubt 
whether  he  will  come. 

The  tenses  express  the  division  of  time.  The  simple  tenses  are  express- 
ed  by  a  single  word  ;  as,  Je  travaille — I  work.  The  compound  are  form- 
ed by  the  verbs  avoir,  to  have,  and  etre,  to  be,  which  are  then  called  aux- 
iliary y  as,  J\ti  travaUU—l  have  worked. 


—  50  — 
79.-AVOIR. 

INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present. —  Avoir,  to  have. 
Past. —  Avoir  eu,  to  have  had. 

PAETICIPLESr 

Peesent. —  Ayant,  having. 

Past. —  Eu,  had.  Ayant  eu,  having  had. 

Future. —  Devant  avoir,  about  to  have. 

INDICATIVE   MOOD. 
PEESENT.  80.  IMPEEFECr, 

J'ai,     I  have.  J'avais,     I  had. 

Tu  as,     thou  hast.  Tu  avais,     thou  hadst. 

II  a,     he  has.  II  avait,     he  had. 

Nous  avons,     we  have.  Nous  avions,     we  had. 

Vous  avez,     you  have.  Vous  aviez,     you  had. 

lis  ont,     they  have.  lis  avaient,     ihey  had. 

81.  PASTE  DEFINITE^  FUTUEE. 

.I'eus,     I  had.  J'aurai,     I  shall  have. 

Tu  eus,     thou  hadst.  Tu  auras,     thou  wiIt;  have". 

II  eut,     he  had.  II  aura,     he  will  have. 

Nous  eftmes,     we  had.  Nous  aurons,     we  shall  have^ 

Vous  elites,     you  had.  Vous  aurez,-    you  will  have, 

lis  eurent,     they  had.  lis  auront,     they  will  have. 

COMPOUND  TENSES. 

PAST  INDIFINITE,  82.  PLUPERFECT. 

J'ai  eu,     I  have  had.  J'avais  eu,     I  had  had, 

83.  PAST  ANTEEIOE.  FUTUEB  ANTERIOR. 

J'eus  eu,     I  had  had.  J'aurai  eu,     I  shall  have  had. 

CONDITIONAL  MOOD. 

PRESENT. 

J'aurais,     I  should  have.  Nous  aurions,     we  should  have. 

Tu  aurais,     thou  wouldst  have.  Vous  auriez,     you  would  have. 

11  aurait,     he  would  have .  lis  auraient,     they  would  have. 

PAST. 

J'aurais  eu,     I  should  have  had. 
IMPERATIVE  MOOD. 

Ayons,     let  us  hate. 
Aie»    have  thou.  Ayez,  have  ye. 

Qu'il  ait,     let  him  have,  Qu'ils  aient,  let  them  have. 


—  51  — 
SUBJUNCTIVE  MOOD. 


86.  PERFECT. 

„  .  Que  j'eusse,     that  I  might  have. 

84.  PRESENT  or  FUTURE.  Que  tu  eusses,     that  thou    mightest 

Que  i'aie,     that  I  may  have.  ..   ,.]    \^      xu  i.  u        •   u..  u 

Que  iu  aies,     that  tbou  mayst  have.  H"  '^  '^''     "'''■'  *'"  "if'  ''''''^'   •   K. 

Qu'ilait,     that  he  may  have.  Que  nous  euas.ons,     that    we  might 

r\  xu  L  have. 

Uue  nous  ayoris,     that  we  may  have.  r\  •  xu  i.  •   u^. 

7\  xu  *  u  Q*^!©  vous   eussiez,     that  you    might 

Que  vous  ayez,     that  you  may  have.  ^,  >  j  b 

Qu'ils  aient,     that  they  may  have.  ^.   ,.i     '  ..        ^u  .l    ^u  •   i,* 

^  *  J'        J'  Qu'iIs    eussent,       that    they    might 

have. 


85.  PAST  PERFECT. 


87.  PL  I  PERFECT. 


Que  j'aie  eu,  that  I  may  have  had.      Que  j'eusse  eu,     that  I    might  have 

had. 


INTERROGATION     WITH    VERBS. 

88.  To  conjugate  a  verb  interrogatively,  the  pronoun  nominative  is  placed 
after  the  verb;  as,  avez-Vous  de  l' argent?  have  you  any  money? 

89.  If  the  nominative  is  a  noun,  it  is  placed  at  the  head  of  the  sentence, 
and  IL,  ELLE,  ILS,  or  elles,  after  the  verb,  according  to  the  preceding  rule: 
as,  vos  FRi:RES  ont-ils  de  l'argent?  have  your  brothers  any  money? 

90.  The  interrogation  can  also  be  formed  by  est-ce  que  (is  it  that);  as, 
EST-CE  QUE  votre  fr^re  A  DE  l'argent?  has  your  brother  any  money? 
est-ce  Qir'iL  A  DE  l'argent?  has  he  any  money? 

91  The  letter  -T-,  between  two  hyphens,  is  placed  after  a  verb  ending 
with  a  vowel  and  followed  by  il,  elle,  or  on,  in  inteyrogations;  as,  a-t-il 
DES  PLVMES?  has  he  any  pens? 


92.  -  ETRE. 


INFINITIVE  MOOD. 

Present.  —  Etre,    t©  be. 

Past.  —  Avoir  6t6,     to  have  been. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present,  —  Etant,     being. 

Past.  —  Et6,     been.     Ayant  ^t^,     having  been. 

Future.  —  Devant  etre,     about  to  be. 


—  52 


INDICATIVE  MOOD. 


PRESENT. 

Je  suis,     I  am. 

Tu  es,     tbou  art. 

II  est,     be  is. 

Nous  sommes,     we  are 

Vous  etes,     you  are. 

lis  sont,     they  are. 

93.  IMPERFECT. 

j'^tais,     I  was. 
Tu  6tais,     thou  wast. 
II  ^tait,     he  was. 
Nous  6tions,     we  were. 
Vous  6tiez,     you  were, 
lis  6taient,     they  were. 


95.  PAST  DEFINITE. 

Je  fus,     I  was. 
Tu  fus,     thou  wast. 
II  fut,     he  was. 
Nous  filmes,     we  were. 
Vous  rCites,     yon  were, 
lis  furent,     they  were. 

FUTURE. 

Je  serai,     I  shall  be. 
Tu  seras,     thou  wilt  be. 
II  sera,     he  will  be. 
Nous  serons,     we  shall  be. 
Vous  serez,     you  will  be. 
lis  seront,     they  will  be. 


PAST    INDEFINITE 

J'ai  6t^,     I  have  been. 

96.  PAST  ANTERIOR. 

J'eus  6t^,     I  had  been. 


COMPOUND  TENSES. 

94.  PLUPERFECT. 

J'avais  6t6,     I  had  been. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

J'aurai  ^t^,  I  shall  have  been. 


CONDITIONAL  MOOD. 

PRESENT, 


Je  serais,     I  should  be. 

Tu  serais,     thou  wouldst  be. 

II  serait,     he  would  be. 


Nous  serionp, 
Vous  seriez, 
lis  seraient. 


we  should  be. 
you  would  be. 
they  would  be. 


PAST. 

J'aurais  ^t^,     I  should  have  been. 
IMPERATIVE  MOOD, 


Sois,     be  (thou) 
Qu'il  soit,    let  him  be. 


Soyons,    let  us  be, 

Soyez,     be  (ye). 

Qu'ils  soient,     let  them  be. 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MOOD. 

97.   PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 


Que  je  sois,     that  I  may  be. 
Que  tu  sois,     that  thou  mayst  be. 
Qu'il  soit,     that  he  may  be. 


Que  nous  soyons,  that  we  may  be. 
Que  vous  soyez,  that  you  may  be. 
Q'ils  soient,     that  they  may  be. 


—  53  — 

98.    PERFECT. 

Que  j'aie  ^t^,     that  I  may  be. 

99.    IMPERFECT. 

Que  je  fusse,     that  I  might  be.  Que  nous  fussions,    that  we  might  be. 

Que  tu  fusses,     that  thou  mightst  be.  Que  vous  fussiez,     that  you  might  be. 
Qu'il  fut,     that  he  might  be.  Qu'ils  fusseut,     that  they  might  be. 

100.    PLUPERFECT. 

Que  j'eusse  6t6,     that  I  might  have  been. 

NEGATION  WITH  VERBS. 

101.  A  negation  is  generally  expressed  in  French  by  two  worda  : 

ne...pas,  l  not,  ne. . .  nullement,        )in  no  manner, 

ne...  point,         )         '  ne...  aucunement,     f  by  no  means, 

ne. .  .  personne,     nobody.  ne. . .  nulle  part,     nowhere, 

ne...  rien,  nothing.  ne...  que,  only,     but  nothing  but. 

ne..  .  jamais,     never.  ne.,  .  ni,     neither,  no  more. 

ne...nul,  )  ^^   ^^^^^  ne...plus,     no  longer,  no  more. 

ne...aucun,        f      '  '  ne...gu^re,     but  little. 

ne...  goutte,     not  a  jot. 

102.  The  negative  ne  always  precedes  the  verb  ;  the  other  words? 
explanatory  of  the  negation,  generally  follow  the  verb,  but  most  of  them 
may  also  be  placed  at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence  :  as, 

II  n'est  pas  heureux.  he  is  not  happy. 

II  ne  consentira  jamais.  he  will  never  consent. 

Jamais  il  ne  consentira.  never  will  he  consent. 

CONJUGATION  OF   VEEBS- 

French  verbs  are  divided    into  four  conjugations,  distinguished   by   the 
termination  of  the  infinitive  mood: 
The  first  conjugation  ends  in  er,         as  donner,  to  give. 

second IR,  finir,  to  finish. 

third oiR,  recevoir,  to  receive. 

fourth RE,  vendre,  to  sell. 

The  first  conjugation  has  one  model  verb,  the  second  has  four,  the  third 
one,  and  the  fourth  four.  A  verb  is  said  to  be  regular,  when  it  is  conjug- 
ated like  one  of  those  ten  verbs. 

103.    MODEL  VERB  OF  THE  FIRST  CONJUGATION. 

(The   first  conjugation     includes    about    5,000    verbs  conjugated  like 
donner.) 

INFINITIVE  MOOD. 

PRfisENT. — Donner,     to  give. 

Past. — Avoir  donn^,     to  have  given. 


—  54  — 


PARTICIPLES. 


Pr^isent. — Donnant,     giving. 

Past. — Donn^,     given.  Ayant  donn^,     having  given. 

Future. — Devant  donner,     about  to  give. 

INDICATIVE. 


PRESENT. 


Je  donne,     I  give. 

Tu  donnes,     thou  givest. 

II  donne,     he  gives. 


Nous  donnions,     we  give. 
Vous  donnez,     you  give, 
lis  donnent,     they  give. 


104.  IMPERFECT. 


Je  donnais,     I  was  giving.  Nous  donnons, 

Tu  donnais,     thou  wast  giving.  Vous  donniez, 

II  donnait,     he  v^as  giving.  lis  donnaient, 


we  were  giving. 

you  were  giving. 

they  were  giving. 


COMPOUND  TENSES. 

PAST  INDEFINITE.  105 .  PLUSPERFECT. 

J'ai  donn^,     I  have  giv6n.  J'avais  donn^,     I  have  given. 

*106.  The  simple  tenses  are  formed  in  French  with  one  word  only,  je 
DONNE,  is  either  I  give,  I  do  give,  or  I  am  giving,  je  donnais,I  was  giving 
or  I  used  to  give. 


107.  PAST  DEFINIT3C. 


Je  donnai,     I  gave. 

Tu  donnas,     thou  gavest. 

II  d@nna,     he  gave. 


Je  donnerai,     I  shall  give. 
Tu  donneras,     thou  wilt  give. 
II  donnera,     he  will  give. 


Nous  dorinames,  we  gave. 
Vous  donnates,  you  gave, 
lis  donnerent,     they  gave. 


FUTURE . 


Nous  donnerons,     we  shall  give. 
Vous  donnerez,     you  will  give. 
Ih  donneront,     they  will  give. 


PAST  ANTERIOR. 

J'ens  donn^,     I  had  given. 


FUTURE   ANTERIOR. 

J'aurai  donn^,     I  shall  have  given. 
CONDITIONAL. 


PRESENT. 


should  give. 


Je  donnerais, 

Tu  donnerais,     thou  wouldst  give. 

11  donnerait,     he  would  give. 


Nous  donnerions,     we  should  give. 
Vous  donneriez,     you  would  give, 
lis  donneraient,     they  would  give. 


PAST. 

J'aurais  donn^,     I  should  have  given  Nous    aurions     donn^,     we    should      '. 

Tu  aurais  donne,     thou  wouldst  have      have  given.  \ 

•   gjj                                                        Vous    auriez  donn^,     you     would       i 

Ti                   -I                                                    have  given.  "                           ^ 

II    aurait    donn^,     he    would    have  Us    auraient  donn^,     they     would       j 

given,                                                       have  given.  ' 


—  55  — 

IMPERATIVE. 

Donnons,     let  us  give. 
Donne,     give  (thou).  Donnez,     give  (ye). 

Qu'il  donne,     let  him  give.  Qu'ils  donnent,     let  them  give. 

SUBJUNCXrVB. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

Qae  je  donn  e,     that  I  may  give.       Que  nous  donn  ions,     that  we    may 
Quetudonn  es,  thatthoumayst  give,     give 

Qu'il  donn  e,     that  he  may  give.         Que  vous  donn  iez,  that  you  may  give 

Qu'ils  donn  ent,    that  they  may  give. 

IMPERFECT 

Que  je  donn  asse,  that  I  might  give.  Que  nousdonn  assions,  that  we  might 
Que  tu  donn  asses,  that  thou  mighst    give. 

gj)'®.         ^  Que  vous  donn  assiez,  that  you  might 

Qu'il  donn  ^t,   that  he  might  give.         give. 

Qu'ils  donn  assent,     that  they  might 
give. 

PERFECT. 

Que  j'aie  donn  6,    that  I  may  have  given. 

PLUPERFECT. 

Que  j'eusse  donn   6,     that  I  might  have  given. 


ORTHOGRAPHICAL   REMARKS. 

108.  In  verba  ending  in  ger,  the  e  is  retained  after  g  before  A,  o,  to 
preserve  the  articulation  of  G  soft;  as,  changer,  to  change;  nous  chan- 
GEONs,  we  change. 

109.  When  c  is  pronounced  like  s,  in  the  infinitive,  it  takes  a  cedilla 
before  a,  o,  or  u,  to  preserve  its  articulation;  as,  commencer,  to  begin; 
cOMMENgANT,  beginning. 

110.  Verbs  which  have  y  before  the  termination  of  the  infinitive  or  part- 
iciple present,  generally  change  it  into  i  before  e,  es,  and  ent;  as,  emplo- 
yer, to  employ;  j'emploie,  T  employ. 

Til.  Verbs  which  have  e  (with  an  acute  accent)  or  e  mute  in  the  infinit- 
ive or  participle  present  require  a  grave  accent  on  it  (fe)  before  a  consonant 
followed  by  an  E  mute;  as,  ESPfiRER,  to  hope;  il  esp^jre,  he  hopes;  mener,  to 
lead;  XL  mj^ne;  he  leads. 

112.  Verbs  having  e  mute  before  the  termination  of  the  infinitive  ler 
and  Ter,  generally  double  l  and  t,  when  followed  by  e,  es,  and  ent;  as, 
APPELER,  to  call;  JETER,  to  throw;  j'appelle,  I  call;  JE  JETTE,  I  throw. 
Seme  take  the  grave  accent  on  the  e;  acheteb,  to  buy;  il  achete,  he 
buys. 


—  56  — 

MODEL  VEEBS  OF  THE  SECOND  CONJUGATION. 

The  second  conjugation  is  divided  into  four  classes.   Their  model  verbs 
are: 

1.  FiNiE,  to  finish.     2.  Servik,  to  serve.     3.  Ouvkie,  to  open. 

4,  Tenib,  to  hold. 

The  first  class  consists  of  about  300  verbs. 
•  The  second  consists  of  the  verbs  servir,  to  serve;  skntir,  to  feel;  SOR- 
tir,  to  go  out;  mentir,  to  lie;  dormir,  to  sleep;  partir,  to  set  out;  se  re- 
PENTiR,  to  repent;  and  their  derivatives,  such  as  desservir,  etc. 

The  third  consists  of  the  verbs  ouvrir,  to  open;  couvrir,  to  cover;  of- 
FRiR,  to  offer;  souffrir,  to  suflFer;  and  their  derivatives. 

The   fourth  consists  of  the  verbs  tenir,  to  hold;  venir,  to  come;  and 
their  derivatives. 


113.~FIN1R. 


INFINITIVE. 

Present. — Fin  ir,  to  finish.  Past. —  A. voir  fin  i,  to  have  finished. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present. — Fin  issant,  finishing. 

Past. — Fin  i,  finished.     Ayant  fin  i,  having  finished. 

Future. — Devant  fin  ir,  about  to  finish. 

INDICATIVE. 
present.  past   DEFINITE. 

I  Ji  nish,  I  finished. 

Je  fin  is.               Nous  fin  issons.  Je  fin  is.  Nous  fin  imes. 

Tu  fin  is.              Vous  fin  issez.  Tu  fin  is.  Vous  fin  ites. 

II  fin  it.                lis  fin  issent.  II  fin  it.  lis  fin  irent. 

IMPERFECT.  FUTURE. 

I  was  finishing.  I  shall  finish, 

Je  fin  issais.      Nous  fin  issions.  Je  fin  irai.  Nous  fin  irons. 

Tu  fin  issais.     Vous  fin  issiez  Tu  fin  iras.         Vous  fin  irez. 

II  fin  issait.        lis  fin  issaient.  II  fin  ira.  lis  fin  iront. 

PAST   INDEFINITE.  PAST  ANTERIOR. 

J  have  finished,  1  had  finished, 

J'ai  fin  i,  etc.  J'eus  fin  i,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT.  FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

I  hadfi.mshed  ^  shall  have  finished, 

J'a'vais  fin  i,  etc.  J'aurai  fin  i,  etc. 


—  57  — 


CONDITIONAL. 

,     PRESENT. 

/  should  finish 
Je  fin  irais.        Nous  fin  irions. 
Tu  fin  irais.        Vous  fin  iriez. 
II  fin  irait.  lis  fin  iraient. 

IMPERATIVE. 

Finish  (thou), 
Fin  issons. 
Fin  is.  Fin  issez. 

Qu'il  fin  isse.     Qu'ils  tin  issent. 


SUBJUNCTIVE. 

PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 


That  I  may  finish. 
Que  je  fin  ibse.    Que  nous  fin  issions. 
Que  tu  fin  isses.  Que  vous  fin  issiez. 
Qu'il  fin  isse.      Qu'ils  fin  issent. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  finiish. 
Que  je  fin  isse.    Que  nous  fin  issions. 
Que  tu  fin  isses.  Que  vous  fin  issiez 
Qu'il  fin  it.  Qu'ils  tin  issent. 


PAST  COND.  PAST  SUBJ.  PLUPERFECT  SUBJ. 

I  shoud  have  finjsh-  That  1  may  have  finish-  That  I  might  have  finish- 
ed, ed.  .         ^^* 
J'aurais  fin  i,  etc.  Que  j'aie  fin  i,  etc.  Que  ]  eiisse  fani,  etc. 


114.  -  SERVIR. 

INFINITIVE. 

Present.  —  Serv  ir,    to  serve.  Past.  —  Avoir  serv  i,     to  have  served. 


PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Serv  ant,     Serving. 

Past.  —  Serv  i,  served,     Ayant  serv  i,    having  served. 

FtTURE.  —  Devant  serv  ir,    about  to  serve. 


INDICATIVE. 


PRESENT. 

/  serve. 


Je  ser  s. 
Tu  ser  s. 
II  ser  t. 


Je  serv  ais. 
Tu  serv  ais. 
II  serv  ait. 


Nous  serv  ons. 
Vous  serv  ez. 
lis  serv  ent. 


IMPERFECT. 

/  was  serving. 


Nous  serv  ions. 

Vous  serv  iez. 

lis  serv  aient. 


PAST  INDEFINITE. 

/  have  served. 
J'ai  serv  i. 


PaST  definite. 
/  served. 
Je  serv  is.  Nous  serv  )mes. 

Tu  serv  is.  Vous  serv  ites. 

11  serv  it.  lis  serv  irent. 

future. 
/  shall  serve. 
Je  serv  irai.  Nous  serv  irons. 

Tu  serv  iras.  Vous  serv  irez. 

11  serv  ira.  lis  serv  iront. 

PAST  anterior. 
/  had  served. 
J'eus  serv  i,  etc. 


—  58  — 


PLUPE^EPECT, 

/  had  served. 
J'avais  serv  i,  etc. 

CONDITIONAL. 
PRESENT. 

/  should  serve. 
Je  serv  irais.  Nous  serv  irions. 

Tu  serv  irais.  Vous  serv  iriez. 

II  serv  irait.  lis  serv  iraieiit. 

PAST. 

/  should  have  semed. 


Ser  6*. 
Qu'il  serv  e. 


IMPERATIVE. 

Serve  (thou). 

Serv  ons. 
Serv  ez. 


Qu'il  serv  ent. 


FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

/  shall  have  served. 
J'aurai  serv  i,  etc. 

SUBJONCTIVE. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

That  1 7?iay  serve. 
Que  je  serv  e.      Que  nous  serv  ions. 
Que  tu  serv  es.    Que  vous  serv  iez. 
Qu'ii  serv  e.  Qu'iis  serv  ent. 

IMPERFCT. 

That  I  might  serve. 

Que  je  serv  isse.  Que  nous  serv  is- 

sions. 
Que  tu  serv  isses.  Que  vous  serv  is- 

siez. 
Qu'il  serv  it.  Qu'iis  serv  issent. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 
PAST.  PLUPERFECT. 

That  I  may  That  I  might 

have  served,  have  served. 

Que  j'aie  serv  i,  Que  j'eusse  serv  i, 

etc.  etc. 


*  The  V  of  the  verbal  root  serv  is  thrown  away  in  the  singular  of  the  ■ 
indicative  and  imperative.  The  same  with  t  and  m  of  se7ithy  sortir^  dor-  i 
mir,partir,  se  repentjr,  and  their  derivatives. 


115.  -  OUVEIR. 


INFINITIVE. 


Present.  —  Ouvr  ir,     to  open. 

Past.  —  Avoir  ouv  ert,     to  have  opened. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Ouvr  ant,     opening. 

Past.  —  Ouv  ert,     opened.     Ayant  ouv  ert,     having  opened. 

Future.  —  Devant  ouvr  ir,     about  to  open. 


—  59  — 


INDICATIVE - 


J'ouvr  e. 
Tu  ouvr  es. 
II  ouvr  e. 


PRESENT. 

I  open. 

Nous  ouvr  ons. 
Vous  ouvr  ez. 
•     lis  ouvr  ent. 


J'ouvr  is. 
Tu  ouvr  is 
II  ouvr  it, 


PAST  DEFINITE. 

I  opened. 

Nous  ouvr  imes, 
Vous  ouvr  ites. 
lis  ouvr  irent, 

FUTURE. 

I  shall  open. 
J'ouvr  irai.  Nous  ouvr  irons. 

Tu  ouvr  iras.  Vous  ouvr  irez, 

II  ouvr  ira.  lis  ouvr  iront. 

PAST  ANTERIOR. 

/  had  opened, 
J'eus  ouv  ert,  etc. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

I  shall  have  opened. 
J'aurai  ouv  ert,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

I  should  open.  That  I  may  open. 

J'ouvr  irais.  Nous  ouvr  irions,  Que  j'ouvr  e.       Que  nous  ouvr  ions, 

Tu  ouvr  irais,  Vous  ouvr  iriez,     Que  tu  ouvr  es.  Que  vous  ouvr  iez. 

II  ouvr  irait.  lis  ouvr  iraient.      Qu'il  ouvr  e.        Qu'ils  ouvr  ent. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  open. 
Que  j'ouvr  isse.  Que  nous  ou- 

vr issions. 
Que  tu  ouvr  isses.  Que  vous  ou- 

vr issiez. 
Qu'il  ouvr  it.  Qu'ils  ouvr  issent. 


IMPERFECT. 

/  was  opening. 
J'ouvr  ais.  Nous  ouvr  ions. 

Tu  ouvr  ais.  Vous  ouvr  iez. 

II  ouvr  ait.  lis  ouvr  aiont 

PAST  INDEFINITE. 

I  have  opened. 
J'ai  ouv  ert,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

I  had  opened. 
J'avais  ouv  ert,  etc. 

CONDITIONAL. 
PRESENT. 


PAST. 


I  should  have  opened. 


J'aurais  ouv  ert,  etc. 


IMPERATIVE. 

open  {thou.)  PAST. 

Ouvr  e.  Ouvr  ons.    That  I  may  have 

Qu'il  ouvr  e.        Ouvr  ez.  opened. 

Qu'ils  ouvr  ent,  Que  j'aie  ouv  ert,  etc. 


PLUPERFECT. 

That  I  might  have 

opetied. 

Que  j'eusse  ouv  ert,  etc. 


—  GO 


II  t  lent. 


116.-TENIR. 

INFINITIVE. 

Present. — Ten  ir,  to  hold.     Past. — Avoir  ten  u,  to  have  held. 

PARTICIPLES 

Present. — Ten  ant,  holding. 

Past. — Ten  u,  held.     Ayant  ten  u,  having  held. 

Future. — Devant  ten  ir,  about  to  hold. 

INDICATIVE. 

PAST    DEFINITE. 

I  held. 
Je   t  ins.  Nous  t  inmes. 

Tu  t  ins,  Vous  t  intes. 

II  t  int.  lis  t  inrent. 


PRESENT. 

I  hold. 

Je 

t 

iens. 

Nous 

ten 

ons. 

Tu 

t 

iens. 

Vous 

ten 

ez. 

lis  t  iennent. 


IMPERFECT. 

I  was  holding 
Je  ten  ais.  Nous  ten  ions. 

Tu  ten  ais.  Vous  ten  iez. 

II  ten  ait.  lis  ten  aient. 

PAST   INDEFINITE. 

/  have  held. 
J'ai  ten  u,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

/  had  held. 
J'avais  ten  u,  etc. 

CONDITIONAL. 
PRESENT, 

/  should  hold. 
Je  tiend  rais.  Nous  tiend  rions. 

Tu  tiend  rais.  Vous  tiend  riez. 

11  tiend  rait  lis  tiend  raient. 

PAST. 

/  should  have  held. 
J'aurais  ten  u,  etc. 


FUTURE. 

1  shall  hold. 
Je  tiend  rai.       Nous  tiend  rons. 
Tu  tiend  ras.      Vous  tiend  rez. 
II  tiend  ra.         lis  tiend  ront. 

PAST   ANTERIOR. 

I  had  held. 
J'eus  ten  u,  etc. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

/  shall  have  held. 
J'aurai  ten  u,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 

PRESENT    OR   FUTURE. 

That  I  may  hold. 

Que  je    t  ienne.     Quenous  ten  ions. 

Que  tu  t  iennes.     Que  vous  ten  iez. 

Qu'il    t  ienne.        Qu'lls  t  iennent. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  jnight  hold. 


Que  je  t  insse. 
Que  tu  t  insses 
Qu'il  t  int. 


Que  nous  t  inssions. 
Que  vous  t  inssiez. 
Qu'ils  t  inssent. 


T  iens. 
Qu'il  t  ienne. 
Ten  ons. 
Ten  ez. 
Qu'ils  t  iennent 


IMPERATIVE. 

Hold  {thou). 


PAST. 


That  I  may  have  hela. 
Que  j'aie  ten  u,  etc. 


PLUPERFECT. 


That  I  might  have  held. 
Que  j'eusse  ten  u,  etc. 


—  61  — 
MODEL  VERB  OF  THE  THIRD  CONJUGiTION. 

The  third  conjugation  consists  of  the  verbs  eecevoir,  to  receive,  pekce- 
voiR,  to  collect  (rents,  taxes,  income);  apercevoir,  to  perceive;  DEvoir,  to 
owe;  BEDEVOIR,  to  owe  still;  concevoir,  to  conceive;  DfiCEvoiR,  to  de- 
ceive. 

117.-RECEV0IR. 


INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present. — Rec  evoir,  to  receive. 
Past. — Avoir  reg  u,  to  have  received. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present. — Rec  evant,  receiving. 

Past. —  Reg  u,  received.     Ayant  reg  u,  having  received. 

Future. — Devant  rec  evoir,  about  to  receive. 


INDICATIVE. 


Je  reg  ois 
Tu  req  ois 
II  reg  oit 


Present. 

I  receive. 

Nous  rec  evons 
Vous  rec   eve? 
lis  reg  oivent 


IMPERFECT. 

/  was  receiving, 
Je  rec  evais  Nous  rec  evions 

Tu  rec  evais  Vous  rec  eviez 

11  rec  evait  lis  rec  evaient 


PAST  DEFINITE. 


Je  reg  us 
Tu  req  us 
11  reg  ut 


I  received. 

Nous  reg  ftmes 
Vous  reg  Cites 
lis  reg  urent 


FUTITKB. 

I  shall  receive, 
Je  rec  evrai  Nous  rec  errons 

Tu  rec  evras  Vous  rec  evrez 

11  rec  evra  lis  rec  evront 


PAST   INDEFINITE. 

I  have  received, 
J'ai  reg  u,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

J  had  received, 
J'avais  reg  u,  etc. 

CONDITIONAL. 
PRESENT. 

J  should  receive, 
Je  rec  evrais.  Nous  rec  evrions. 

Tu  rec  evrais.        Vous  rec  evriez. 

II  rec  evrait*  lis  rec  evraient. 


PAST  ANTERIOR. 

I  had  received, 
J'eus  reg  u,  etc. 

FUTURE   ANTERIOR. 

J  shall  have  received, 
J'aurai  reg  u,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

That  I  may  receive. 
Que  je  reg  oive.     Que   nous   rec   e- 

vions. 
Que  tu  reg  oives.  Que   vous   rec   e* 

viez. 
Qu'il  reg  oive.        Qu'ils  reg  oivent. 


62 


PAST. 

1  should  have  received* 
J'aurais,  rftgu,  etc. 


IMPEBATIVH. 

Receive  {thou), 
Reg  ois. 
Qu'il  reg  oive. 
Rec  evons.  '' 

Rec  evez. 
Qa'ils  re9  ©ivent. 


iMPERIi'ECT. 

That  I  might  receive. 
Que  je  reg  usse.     Que  nous  reg  us- 

sions. 
Que  tu  reg  usses.   Que  vous  rag  us- 

siez. 
Qu'il  reg  i\t.  Qu'ils  reg  ussent. 

Pi  ST. 

That  I  may  have  received. 
Que  j'aie  reg  u,  etc. 

PLUPERFECr. 

That  I  might  have  received. 
Que  j'eusse  reg  u,  etc. 


MODEL  VERBS  OF  THE  FOURTH  CONJUGATION. 

The  fourth  conjugation  is  divided  into  four  classes  : 

The  first  ends  in  ndrb,  rdrb  (not  preceded  by  i),  as  vendre,  to  sell  j 
PERDRE,  to  lose. 

The  second  ends  in  aitre,  oitbe,  as  paraitre,  to  appear  ;  croitre,  to 
grow. 

The  third  ends  in  uire,  as  RfiDuiRE,  to  reduce. 

The  fourth  ends  in  indre,  as  plaindre,  to  pity. 


118.-VENDRE* 


INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present.-— Vend  re,     to  sell.      Past. — Avoir  vend  u,     to  have  sold. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Vend  ant,     selling. 

Past.  —  Vend  u,     sold.     Ayant  vend  u,  having  sold. 

Future.  —  Devant  vend  re,     about  to  sell, 

INDICATIVE   MOOD. 


Je  vend  s^ 
Tu  vend  s. 
II  vend* 


PRESENT* 

I  sell. 

Nous  vend  ons. 
Vous  vend  ez. 
lis  vend  ent. 


PAST   DEFINITE. 

I  sold. 
Je  vend  is.  Nous  vend  iraes* 

Tu  vend  is.  Vous  vend  ites. 

11  vend  it.  lis  vend  irent. 


IMPERFECT. 

/  was  selling. 
Je  vend  ais.  Nous  vend  ions. 

Tu  vend  ais.  Vous  vend  iez. 

11  vend  ait.  lis  vend  aient. 


Je  vend  rai. 
Tu  vend  ras. 
11  vend  ra. 


Future. 
/  shall  sell. 

Nous  vend  rons* 
Vous  vend  rez. 
lis  vend  ront* 


—  63 


PAST   INDEFINITE. 

I  have  sold, 
J'ai  vend  u,  etc. 

PLUPEKFECT. 

I  had  sold. 
J'avais  vead  u,  etc. 


PAST   ANTERIOB. 

I  had  sold. 
J'eus  vend  u,  etc. 

FUTURE   ANTERIOB. 

/  shall  have  sold. 
J'aurai  vend  u,  etc. 


CONDITIONAL.  SUBJUNCTIVE. 

PRESENT.  PRESENT   OR   FUTURE. 

I  saould  sell.  That  I  may  sell. 

Je  vend  rais.  Nous  vend  rions.  Que  je  vend  e.        Que     nous     ven- 

d  ions. 
Tu  vend  rais.  Vous  vend  riez.     Que  tu  vend  ea.      Que     vous     ven- 

d  iez. 
II  vend  rait.  lis  vend  raient.      Qu'il  vend  e.  Qu'ib  vend  ent. 


PAST. 

I  shonld  have  sold. 
J'aurais  vend  u,  etc. 


Vend  s. 
Qu'il  vend  e. 
Vend  ons. 
Vend  ez. 
Qu'ils  vend  enfe. 


IMPERATIVE. 

tiell  {thou). 


IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  sell. 
Que  je  vend  isse.  Que  nous  vend  is- 

sions. 
Que  tu  vend  isses.  Que  vous  vend  is- 

siez. 
Qu'il  vend  it.         Qu'ils  vend  issentr 

PAST. 

That  I  may  have  sold. 
Que  j'aie  vend  u,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

That  I  might  have  sold. 
Que  j'eusse  vend  u,  etc. 


119.  -  PARAITRE. 


I 


INFINITIVE    MOOD. 

Present.  —  Par  aitre,  to  appear. 
Past.  —  Avoir  par  u,  to  have  appeared. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Par  aissant,  appearing. 

Past.  —  Par  u,  appeared.   Ayant  par  u,  having  appeared* 

FtTURE.  —  Devant  par  aitre,  about  to  appear. 


PRESENT. 


—    64    — 

INDICATIVE  MOOD. 

PAST  DEFINITE, 


I  appear. 
.Te  par  aia.  Nous   par  aissons. 

Tu  par  ais.  Vous  par  aissez. 

11  par  ait.  lis  par  aissent. 

IMPERFECT. 

I  was  appearing. 
Je  par  aissais.        Nous  par  aissions. 
Tu  par  aissais.       Vous  par  aissiez. 
II  ppr  aissait.         lis  par  aissaient. 


I  appeared* 
Je  par  us.  Nons  par  (imes. 

Tu  par  us.  Vous  par  fttes. 

II  par  ut.  lis  par  urent. 

FUTURE. 

I  shall  appear. 
Je  par  aitrai.  Nous  par  aitrons. 

Tu  par  aitras.         Vous  par  aitrez. 
II  par  aitra.  Us  par  aitront. 


PAST  INDEFINITE. 

I  have  appeared. 
J'ai  par  u,  etc. 

PAST  ANTERIOR. 

I  had  appeared. 
J'eus  par  u,  etc. 

CONDITIONS  L. 
PRESENT. 

/  should  appear. 
Je  par  aitrais.        Nous  par  aitrions. 
Tu  par  aitrais.       Vous  par  aitriez. 
U  par  aitrait.         Us  par  aitraient. 


PAST. 

I  sHoidd  have  appeared. 
J'aurais  par  u,  etc, 


IMPERATIVE. 

Appear  {thou). 
Par  ais» 
Qu'il  par  aisse. 
Par  aissons. 
Par  aissez. 
Qu'ils  par  aissent. 


PLUPERFECT. 

I  had  appeared. 
J'avais  par  u,  etc. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

I  shall  have  appeared. 
J'aurai  par  u,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

That  I  may  appear. 
Qae  je  par  aisse.  Que  nous  par   ais- 
sions. 
Que  tu  par  aisses.Qae  vous   par  ais- 
siez. 
Qu'il  par  aisse.      Qu'ih  par  aissent. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  appear. 
Que  je  par  usse.     Que    nous  par  us- 

sions. 
Que  tu  par  usses.  Que   vous  par  us- 

siez. 
Qu'il  par  ilt,  Qu'ils  par  ussent. 


PAST. 

That  I  may  have  appeared. 
Que  j'aie  par  u,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

That  I  might  have  appeared* 
Que  j'eusse  par  u,  etc. 


130.  -  REDUIRE. 

INFINITIVE. 

Present.  —  R4dui  re,  to  reduce. 
tAST*  —  Avoir  r^dui  t,  to  have  reduced. 


-  65 


PARTICIPLES. 


Present.  —  R4dui  sant,    reducing. 

Past.  —  Redui  t,    reduced.    Ayant  r^dui  i,    having  reduced. 

Future.  —  Devant  r^dui  re,     about  to  reduce. 


indicative. 


Je  r^dui  s. 
Tu  r^dui  s. 
II  r^dui  t. 


PRESENT. 

/  reduce. 

Nous  r6dui  sons. 
Vous  r^duisez. 
lis  r^dui  sent. 


IMPERFECT. 

I  was  f  educing. 
Je  r^dui  sals.         Nous  r^dui  sions. 
Tu  r^dui  sais.        Vous  r^dui  siez. 
II  r^dui  salt.  lis  r^dui  saient. 

PAST  INDEFINITE. 

/  have  reduced. 
J'ai  r6dui  t,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 
/  had  reduced. 
J'avais  r^dui  t,  eto. 

CONDITIONAL. 
PRESENT. 

/  should  reduce. 
Je  r^dui  rais.         Nous  redui  rions. 
Tu  r6dui  rais.         Vous  r^dui  riez. 
II  r6dui  rait.  J  Is  r^dui  raient. 


PAST. 

/  should  have  reduced. 
J'aurais  redui  t,  eto. 


IMPERATIVE. 

Reduce  (thou), 
R^dui  s. 
Qu*il  r^dui  se. 
R4dui  sons. 
R6dui  sez. 
QuMis  r^dui  sent. 


PAST  DEFINITE. 

/  reduced. 
Je  r^dui  sis.  Nous  r^dui  simes. 

Tu  r^dui  sis.  Vous  r^dui  sites. 

II  r^dui  sit.  lis  r^dui  sirent. 

FUTURE. 

/  shall  reduce. 
Jer^duirai.  Nous  r^dui  rons. 

Tu  r^dui  ras.         Vous  r6dui  rez. 
II  r^dui  ra.  lis  r^dui  ront. 

PAST  ANTERIOR. 

/  had  reduced. 
J'eus  r^dui  t,  etc. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 
/  shall  have  reduced 
J'aurai  r6dui  t,  eto. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 
PRESENT  OR  FUTURE, 
That  I  may  reduce. 
Que  je  r^dui  se.    Que  nous  r^dui- 

sions. 
Que  tu  r^dui  ses.  Que  vous  r^dui- 

siez. 
Qu'il  r^dui  se.       Qu'ils  r^dui  sent. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  reduce. 
Que  je  r4dui-        Que  nous  r^dui- 

sisse .  sissions. 

Que  tu  r^dui-         Que  vous  r^dui- 

sisses.  sissiez. 

Qu'il  r^dui  stt        Qu'ils  r^dui  sisseut 

PAST. 

Tjtat  I  may  have  reduced. 
Que  j'aie  rddui  t,  eto, 

PLUPERFECT. 

That  I  might  have  reduced. 
Que  j'eusse  redui  t,  etc. 


—  66  — 


121.  -  PLAINDRE. 


Pbesent.  —  Plai  ndre, 
Past.  —  Avoir  plai  nt, 


INFINITIVE. 

to  pity. 

to  have  pitied. 

PARTICIPLES. 


Present.  —  Plai  gnant,     pitying. 

Past.  —  Plai  nt,     pitied.       Ayant  plai  nt,     having  pitied. 

Future.  —  Devant  plai  ndre,    about  to  pity. 


indicative. 


present. 


Past  definite. 


Je  plai  ns. 
Tu  plai  ns. 
II  plai  nt . 


I  pity. 
Nous  plai  gnons. 
Vous  plai  gnez. 
lis  plai  gnent. 


Je  plai  gnis. 
Tu  plai  gnis. 
II  plai  gnit. 


I  pitied. 

JSous  plai  gnimes 
Vous  plai  gnites 
lis  plai  gnirent. 


IMPERFECT. 

/  was  pitying. 
Je  plai  gnais.       Nous  plai  gnions, 
Tu  plai  gnais.       Vous  plai  gniez. 
Ilplaignait.         lis  plai  gnaient. 

PAST  INDEFINITE. 

/  have  pitied. 
J'ai  plai  nt,  etc. 

PLUPERFECT. 

1  had  pitied, 
J'avais  plai  nt. 

CONDITIONAL. 


FUTURE. 
I  shall  pity. 
Je  plain  drai.        Nous  plai  ndrons, 
Tu  plai  ndras.       Vous  plai  ndrez. 
II  plai  ndra.  lis  plai  ndront, 

PAST  ANTERIOR. 

I  had  pitied. 
J'eus  plai  nt,  etc. 

FUTURE    ANTERIOR. 

I  shall  have  pitied. 
J'aurai  plai  nt,  etc. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 


PREgENT.  PRESENT   OR   FUTURE. 

I  shou  Id  pity.  That  I  may  pity. 

Je  plai  ndrais.        Nous  plai  ndrions.  Que  je   plai-  Que     nous 

Tu  plai  ndrais.      Vous  plai  ndriez.        gne.  gnions. 

II  plai  ndrait.         Us  plai  ndraient.    Que.  tu  plai-  Que     vous 

gnes.  gniez. 

Qn'il  plai  gne.         Qu'ils  plai  gnent 


plai- 
plai- 


PAST. 

I  should  have  pitied. 
J'aurais  plai  nt,  etc. 


Que  je  plai- 

gnisse. 
Que  tu  plai- 

gnisses. 
Qu'il  plai  gnit. 


IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  pity. 


Que    nous    plai- 

gnissions. 
Que   vous    plai- 

gnissiez. 
Qu'ils  plai  gnis 

sent. 


IMPERATIVE. 


—  67  — 

Pity  {thou).  PAST. 

Plai  ns.  That  I  may  have  pitied. 

Qu'il  plai  gne.  Que  j'aie  plai  ni. 

rial  giions.  pluperfect. 

P'ai  gnez.  That  I  might  have  pit  jed 

Qu'ilsplai  gnent.  Que  j'eusse  plai  nt. 


PASSIVE  VERBS. 

122.  A  verb  passive  consists  of  the  verb  etre,  and  the  participle  past 
of  a  transitive  verb.  The  participle  agrees  in  gender  and  number  with 
the  nominative  case,  that  is  to  say,  the  subject  to  which  it  relates;  as, 

Je  suis,aim6     or     aim^e.     I  am  loved. 

Tu  es  aim6     or     aim^e.     Thou  art  loved. 

11  est  aim^.     He  is  loved. 

EUe  est  aim^^F.     She  is  loved. 

Nous  sommes  aim^s    or     aim^es,  etc. 

NEUTER  OR  INTRANSITIVE  VERBS- 

123.  The  neuter  or  intransitive  verbs  are  conjugated  in  their  compound 
tenses  with  the  auxiliary  avoir,  ejioept  the  following,  which  are  conjuga- 
ted with  etre: 

AUer,     to  go.  Mourir,     to. die. 

Arriver,     to  arrive.  Naitre,     to  be  born. 

D^c^der,     to  die .  Parvenir,     to  attain . 

ficlore,     to  blow,  to  hatch.  Rerenir,     to  come  again. 

Intervenir,     to  intervene.  Venir,     to  come. 

Some  neuter  verbs  are  conjugated  with  both  avoir  and  etre.  With 
AVOIR  they  express  an  action,  with  etre  the  state  resulting  from  that  ac- 
tion; as, 

11  a  descendu  au  vestibule.  He  went  down  to  the  hall. 

Maintenant,  il  est  descendu.  Now  he  is  downstairs. 


REFLECTIVE  VERBS. 

They  are  conjugated  with  two  pronouns,  and  their  compound  tenses  are 
formed  by  means jof  the  auxiliary  etpe;  as, 

Je  me  suis  habill^     or     babill^e.        1  have  dressed  myself. 
Tu  t'es  habill^     or     habill^e.  Thou  hast  dressed  thyself. 

II  s'est  habill^.  He^has  dressed  himself. 

EUe  s'est  habillee.  She  has  dressed  herself. 

Nous  nous  sommes  habilles     or     ha-  We  have  dressed  ourselves,  etc. 
billies,  etc. 


—  68  — 


124-CONJUGATION  OF  A  REFLECTIVE  VERB. 
INFINITIVE. 

Present. —  Se  lever  («=ato  raise  one's  self  up),  to  rise. 
Past. — S'etre  lev^,     to  have  risen. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Se  levant,  rising. 

Past.  —  Lev6,  risen.     S'^tant  lev6,  having  risen. 

Future.  —  Devant  se  lever,  about  to  rise. 

INDICATIVE. 

IMPERFECT. 

I  was  rising. 
Je  me  levais. 
Ta  te  levais. 
II  se  levait. 
Nous  nous  levions. 
Vous  vous  leviez. 
lis  se  levaient. 


PRESENT. 

I  rise. 
Je  me  l6ve. 
Tu  te  l^ves. 
II  se  l6ve. 
Nous  nous  levons. 
Vous  vous  levez. 
lis  se  Invent. 


PAST    DEFINITE. 

I  rose. 
Je  me  levai. 
Tu  te  levas. 
II  se  leva. 
Nous  nous  levames. 
Vous  vous  levates. 
lis  se  lev^rent. 

PAST  INDEFINITE. 

/  have  risen. 
Je  me  suis  lev6. 
Tu  t'es  lev6. 
II  s'est  lev6. 

Nous  nous  sommes  lev^s. 
Vous  vous  etes  lev^s. 
lis  se  sent  lev6s. 

PAST  ANTETIOR. 

I  had  risen. 
Je  me  fus  lev^. 
Tu  te  fus  lev6, 
II  se  fut  lev6. 
Nous  nous  fftmes  lev^s. 
Vous  vous  ffttes  lev6s. 
lis  se  furent  lev^s. 


PRESENT. 

I  should  rise, 
Je  me  Idverais. 
Tu  te  l^verais. 
II  se  l^verait. 
Nous  nous  Idverions. 
Vous  vous  l^veriez. 


FUTURE. 

I  shall  rise. 
Je  me  Uverai. 
Tu  te  I6veras. 
II  se  levera. 
Nous  nous  l^veroAS. 
Vous  vous  l6verez. 
lis  se  l^veront. 

PLUPERFECT. 

I  had  risen. 
Je  m'^tais  lev^, 
Tu  t'^tais  \ev6. 
11  s'^tait  lev6. 
Nous  nous  6tions  lev^s. 
Vous  vous  6tiez  lev^s. 
lis  sMtaient  lev^s. 

FUTURE  ANTERIOR. 

J  shall  have  risen. 
.Te  me  serai  lev6. 
Ta  te  seras  lev6. 
II  se  sera  lev6. 
Nous  nous  serons  lev^s. 
Vous  vous  serez  lev^s. 
lis  se  seront  lev^s. 

CONDITIONAL. 

PAST. 

/  should  have  risen, 
Je  me  serais  lev6. 
Tu  te  serais  lev6. 
II  se  serait  lev6. 
Nous  nous  serions  lev^s. 
Vous  vous  seriez  lev6s. 

Tia    ae\    a£kt*ai£in^     I  ^\faa 


PEESENT  OR  FUTURE. 

Tho.t  I  may  rise. 
Que  je  mc  l^ve. 
Que  tu  te  l6ves. 
Qu'il  86  l6ve. 
Que  nous  nous  levions. 
Que  vous  vous  leviez. 
Qu'ils  86  Invent. 

PAST. 

That  I  may  have  risen. 
Que  je  me  sois  lev6. 
Que  tu  te  sois  lev6, 
Qu'il  se  soit  lev6. 
Que  nous  nous  soyons  lev^s. 
Que  vous  vous  soyez  lev^s, 
Qu'ils  se  soient  lev^s. 


—  69  — 

SUBJUNCTIVE. 

IMPERFECT. 

That  I  might  rise. 
Que  je  me  levasse. 
Que  tu  te  levasses, 
Qu'il  se  levat. 
Que  nous  nous  levassions. 
Que  vous  vous  levassiez, 
Qu'il  se  levassent, 

PLUPERFECT. 

Tfiat  I  might  have  risen. 
Que  je  me  fusse  lev6. 
Que  tu  te  fusses  lev6. 
Qu'il  se  fftt  leve. 
Que  nous  nous  fussions  lev6s. 
Que  vous  vous  fussiez  lev^s. 
Qu'ils  se  fussent  leves. 

IMPERATIVE. 


Rise  (thou), 
L6ve-toi.  Qa'il  se  I6ve.   Levons-nous.    Levez-vous.    Qu'ils  se  Invent. 


126.-C0NJUOATI0N  OF  A  V££B  IMFEHSONAL. 

(See  Falloir,  pleuvoir,  seoir,  in  the  list  of  irregular  verbs,  page  72.) 
Y  avoir  (literally  ;  "there  to  have")  is  very  frequently  used  : 

INFINITIVE. 

Present.  —  Y  avoir,    there  to  be. 
Past.  —  Y  avoir  eu,     there  to  have  been. 

PARTICIPLES. 

Present.  —  Y  ayant,    there  being. 

Past.  —  Y  ayant  eu,     there  having  been. 

Future  —  Devant  y  avoir,   (an  idiom  meaning,   As  there  is  to  be). 

INDICATIVE. 


11  y  a. 


PRESENT. 

There  is  or  are. 


IMPERFECT. 

There  was  or  were. 


11  y  avait. 

PAST. 

There  has  or  have  been, 
1  y  a  eu. 


II  y  eut. 
II  y  aura. 


PAST  DEFINITE. 

There  was  or  were. 


FUTURE. 

There  will  be. 


PAST  ANTERIOR. 

There  had  been. 


II  y  eut  eu, 


—  70  — 

PLUPERFECT.  FUTURE   ANTERIOR. 

There  had  been.  There  will  have  been 

II  y  avait  eu.  II  y  aura  eu. 

CONDITIONAL.  SUBJUNCTIVE. 

PRESENT.  PRESENT  OR  FUTURE.  IMPERFECT. 

There  would  be.  That  there  may  be.  That  there  i7iight  be. 

II  y  aurait.  Qu'il  y  ait  Qu'il  y  edt. 

PAST.  PAST.  PLUPERFECT. 

There  would  have  been.     That  there  may  have  been.    That  there  77iight  have  been. 
II  y  aurait  eu.  Qu'il  y  ait  eu.  Qu'il  y  eClt  eu. 


127.  -  GENERAL  RULES  FOR  FORMING  THE  TENSES. 

From  the  participle  present,  form: 

The  three  persons  plural  of  the  "present  of  the  indicative"  by 
changing  the  termination  ant  into  ons,  ez,  ent.  (Except  verbs  of  Class 
IV  of  the  second  conjugation,  and  verbs  of  the  third  conjugation.) 

The  "imperfect  of  the  indicative"  by  changing  the  ant  into  ais,  ais, 

AITTTtONS,  lEZ,  AIENT. 

The  "PRESENT  OF  THE  SUBJUNCTIVE"  by  changing  the  ANT  into  E,  es,  E, 
IONS,  lEz,  and  ent.  (Except  verbs  of  Class  IV  of  the  second  conjugation, 
and  verbs  of  the  third  conjugation.) 

The  "FUTURE  OF  THE  INDICATIVE"  and  the  "conditional"  are  formed 
from  the  present  of  the  Infinitive  by  changing  the  final  r,  RE,or  oir,  for  the 
future,  into  rai,  ras,  ra,  i  ons,  rez,  ront;  (Except  verbs  of  Class  IV  of  the 
second  conjugation.)  for  the  conditional,  into  R4is,  rais,  rait,  rions,  riez, 
RAIEXT.  (Except  verbs  of  Class  IV  of  the  second  conjugation.) 

The  "imperfect  of  the  subjunctive"  is  formed  from  the  second  per- 
son singular  of  the  past  definite  of  the  Indicative,  by  adding  another  s 
with  e,  es,  ions,  iez,  and  ent;  the  third  person  singular  ends  with  t  (at,  it, 
ut,  int). 

The  "imperative"  is  like  the  present  of  the  Indicative,  omitting  the  pro- 
nouns. The  third  persons  are  like  those  of  the  present  Subjunctive.  When 
the  second  person  singular  of  the  present  of  the  Indicative  ends  with  es, 
S  is  always  suppressed  in  the  Imperative,  except  in  particular  cases. 


128.  -AN  ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  IRREGULAR  AND  DEFECTIVE 

VERBS. 

Throughout  the  list,  wherever  the  first  person  is  alone  given,  the  other 
persons  are  regularly  formed  according  to  the  synoptical  table  of  termin- 
ations. 

NOTE.  The  following  is  the  order  in  which  the  tenses  are  given: —  Infin- 
itive present;  participle  present;  participle  past;  indicative  present,  imper- 
fect,'past  definite,  future;  conditional;  imperative;  subjunctive  present,  im- 
perfect. 

NOTE.  Verbs  compounded  of  a  verb  and  a  preposition  are  conjugated 
like  the  verb  with  which  they  correspond;  thus,  compressors  like  prendre, 
CONSCEIRE  like  fiCRiRE  (the  £  of  ^CRiRE  is  a  euphonic  lettar),  etc. 


—  71  — 
A  Verb  preceded  by  an  asterisk  (*)  is  defective, 

ETRE  added  to  the  participle,  signifies  that  the  compound  tenses  are 
conjugated  with  that  auxiliary;  as  je  suis  all^,  etc. 

*^Absoudre,  (to  absolve.)  Absol  vant,  absou  s,  fem,  absout  e — J'absou  s 
— J'absolv    ais — J'absoud  rai — J'absoud  rais — Absou   s — Que   j'absolv  e. 

AcQUfiRiR,  (to  acquire.)  Acqu6r  ant,  acqui  s — J'acquier  s,  s,  t;  nous  ac- 
qu6r  oris,  ez,  ils  acquiSr  ent — J'acquer  ais — J'acqu  is — J'aoquer  rai — 
J'acquer  rais — Acquier  s — Que  j'acquier  e,  es,  e,  acqu^r  ions,  iez,  ac- 
qui6r  ent — Que  j'acqu  isse. 

ALLER.(to  go.)  All  ant,  all  6  (etre) — Je  vais,  vas,  va;  nous  all  ons,  ez,  ils 
vont — J'all  ais — J'all  ai — J'i  rai^J'i  rais — Va — Que  j'aill  e,  es,  e;  all- 
ions,  iez,  aill  ent — Que  j'all  asse. 

AssAiLLiR,  (to  assault.)  Assaill  ant,  assaill  i  — J'assaill  e — J'assaill  ais 
—  I'assaill  is — J'assailli  rai — J'assailli  rais — Assaill  e — Que  j'assaill  e — 
Que  j'assaill  isse. 

AssEOiR,  (s',)  (to  sit  down.)  S'assey  ant,  assis  (etre) — Je  m'assie  ds — 
Je  m'assey  ais — Je  m'ass  is — Je  m'assi  ^rai — Je  m'assi  6rais — Assie  ds- 
toi — Que  je  m'assey  e — Que  je  m'ass  isse. 

Battre,  (to  beat.)  Batt  ant,  batt  u — Je  bat  s— Je  batt  ais — Je  batt- 
is — fe  batt  rai— Je  batt  rais — Bat  s — Que  je  batt  e — Que  je  batt  isse. 

BoiRE,  (to  drink.)  Buv  ant,  b  u — Je  boi  s,  s,  t;  buv  ons,  ez,  boiv  ent 
— Je  buv  ais — Je  b  us — Je  boi  rai — Je  boi  rais — Boi  s — Que  je  boiv  e,  es, 
e;  buv  ions,  iez,  boiv  ent — Que  je  b  usse. 

BouiLLiR,  (to  boil.)  Bouill  ant,  bouill  i— Je  bou  s— Je  bouill  ais — Je 
bouill  is — Je  bouilli  rai— Je  bouilli  rais — Bou  s— Que  je  bouill  e — Que 
je  bouill  isse. 

CoNCLURE,  (to  conclude.)  Conclu  ant,  concl  u — Je  conclu  s — Je  con- 
clu  ais — Je  concl  us — Je  conclu  rai — Je  conclu  rais — Conclu  s — Que  je 
conclu  e — Que  je  concl  usse. 

CoNFiRE,  (to  pickle.)  Confi  sant,  confi  t — Je  confi  s — Je  confi  sais — 
Je  confi  s— Je  confi  rai — Je  confi  rais — Confi  s — Que  je  confi  sp — Que  je 
con  I'  isse. 

CouDRE,  (to  sew.)  Cous  ant,  cous  u — Je  coVid  s — Je  cous  ais—Je  cou- 
s  is— Je  coud  rai — Je  coud  rais — Coud  s — Que  je  cous  e — Que  je  cou- 
s  isse. 

CouRiR,  (to  run.)  Cour  ant,  cour  u — Je  cour  s — Je  cour  ais — Je  cou- 
r  us — Je  cour  rai— Je  cour  rais — Cour  s — Que  je  cour  e — Que  je  cou- 
r  usse, 

Croire,  (to  believe.)  Croy  ant,  cr  u — Je  croi  s — Je  croy  ais — Je  cr  us 
— Je  croi  rai — Je  croi  rais — Croi  s — Que  je  croi  e — Que  je  cr  usse. 

CuEiLLiR,    (to   gather.)  Cueill  ant,  cueill  i — Je    cueill  e — Je   cueill  ais 
— Je  cueill  is — Je  cueill  erai — Je  cueill  erais — Cueill  e — Que  je  cuei  1 
Que  je  cueill  isse. 

Dire,  (to  tell.)  Dis  ant,  di  t — Je  di  s,  s,  t;  dis  ons,  (Iites,f  dis  ent — Je 
dis  ais — Je  d  is — Je  di  rai — Je  di  rais — Di  s — Que  je  dis  e — Que  je  d  isse 


JDiRE  and  REBiRE  make  in  the  second  person  plural  of  the  indicative 
present  and  of  the  imperative  dites  and  kedites;  but  the  other  verbs, 
compounded  of  dire,  follow    the    general    termination — contredisez,  Dfi- 

DISIEZ,  INTERDISEZ,  M^DISEZ,  PEfiDISEZ. 


—  72  — 

iScRiRE,  (to  write,)  ificriv  ant,  6cri  t— J'^cri  s— J'^criv  ais— J'^criv  is 
— J'^cri  rai — JMcri  rais — ]^cri  s — Que  j'6criv  e — Que  j'^criv  isse. 

Envoyer,  ^to  send.)  Envoy  ant,  envoy  6 — J'envoi  e — J'envoy  ais — J'ea- 
voy  ai — J'enver  rai — J'enver  rais — Envoi  e — Que  j'envoi  e — Que  j'en- 
voy as>e. 

Faire,  (to  make,  to  do.)  Fais  ant,  fai  t — Je  fai  s,  s,  t;  fais  ons,  fait  es 
fon  t — Je  fais  ais — Je  f  is — Je  fe  rai — Je  fe  rais — Fai  s — Que  je  fass  e 
— Qde  je  f  isse. 

*Falloir,  (to  be  necessary.)  Fall  u— II  fau  t— II  fall  ait— II  fall  ut— ■ 
II  faud  ra— II  faud  rait— Qu'il  faill  e— Qu'il  fall  tt. 

FuiR,  (to  run  away.)  Fuy  ant,  fu  i — Je  fui  s — Je  fuy  ais — Je  fu  is — Je 
fui  rai — Je  fui  rais — Fui  s — Que  je  fui  e — Que  je  fu  isse. 

Hair,  (to  hate.)  Haiss  ant,  hai — Je  hai  s,  s,  t;  haiss  ons,  haiss  ez,  hais- 
s  ent — Je  haiss  ais — Je  hais — Je  hai*  rai — Je  hai  rais — Hai  s — Que  je  ha- 
Xss  e — Que  je  ha  isse. 

Lire,  (to  read.)  Lis  ant,  1  u — Je  li  s — Je  lis  ais  — Je  1  us — Je  li  rai — 
Je  li  rais — Li  s— Que  je  lis  e — Que  je  I  usse. 

*LuiRE,  (to  shine.)  Luis  ant,  lu  i — Je  lui  s — Je  luis  ais — Je  lui  rai — 
Je  lui  rais — Lui  s — Que  je  luis  e. 

Mauuire,  (to  curse.)  Maudiss  ant,  maudi  t — Je  maudi  s — Je  maudis- 
s  ais — Je  maud  is — Je  maudi  rai — Je  maudi  rais — Maudi  s — Que  je  mau- 
diss e — Que  je  maud  isse. 

<  Mettre,  (to  put.)  Mett  ant — mi  s — Je  met  s— Je  mett  ais— Je  m  is — 
Je  mett  rai — Je  mett  rais — Met  s — Que  je  mett  e — Que  je  m  isse. 

MouDRE,  (to  grind.)  Moul  ant — moul  u — Je  moud  s — Je  moul  ais — Je 
raoul  us — Je  moud  rai — Je  moud  rais — Moud  s — Que  je  moul  e — Que  je 
moul  usse. 

MouRiR,  (to  die.)  Mour  ant,  mort  (etre) — Je  meur  s,  s,  t;  mour  ons,  ez, 
meur  ent — Je  mour  ais — Je  mour  us — Je  mour  rai — Je  mour  rais — 
Meur  s — Que  je  meur  e,  es,  e;  mour  ions,  iez,  meur  ent — Que  je  mour- 
usse. 

MoirvoiE,  (to  move.)  Momr  ant,  ra  u — Je  meu  s,  s,  t;  mouv  ons,  ez, 
meuv  ent — Je  mouv  ais — Je  m  us — Je  mouv  rai — Je  mouv  rais — Meu  s 
— Que  je  meuv  e,  es,  e;  mouvi  ons,  iez,  meuv  ent — Que  je  m  usse. 

Naitre,  (to  be  born.)  Nais  sant,  n  e  (etre) — Je  nai  s — Je  naiss  ais — 
Je  naqu  is — Je  nait  rai — Je  nait  rais — Nai  s — Que  je  naiss  e — Que  je  na- 
qu  isse. 

NuiRE,  (to  hurt.)  Nuis  ant,  nu  i.  The  rest  like  EfiDUiRE,  page  35. 

Plaire,  (to  please.)  Plais  ant,  pi  u — Je  plai  s — Je  plais  ais — Je  pi  us 
— Je  plai  rai — Je  plai  rais — Plai  s— Que  je  plais  e — Que  je  pi  usse. 

Pleuvoir,  (to  rain.)  Pleuv  ant,  pi  u — II  pleu  t — II  pleuv  ait — II  pi  ut 
— II  pleuv  ra — 11  pleuv  rait — Qu'il  pleuv  e — Qn'il  pi  (it. 

PouRVoiR,  (to  provide.)  Poiirvoy  ant,  pourv  u — Je  pourvoi  s — Je  pour- 
voy  ais — Je  pourv  us — Je  pourvoi  rai — Je  pourvoi  rais — Pourvoi  s — Que 
je  pourvoi  e — Que  je  pourv  usse. 

PouvoiR,  (to  be  able.)  Pouv  ant,  p  u — Je  pui  s  or  je  peu  x,  tu  peu  x, 
t;  pouv  ons,  ez,  peuv  ent — Je  pouv  ais — Je  p  us — Je  pour  rai — Je  pour- 
rais — Que  je  puips  e — Que  je  p  usse. 

Prendre,  (to  take.)  Pren  ant,  pri  s — Je  pren  ds,  ds,  d;  pren  ons,  ez, 
prenn  ent — Je  pren  ais — Je  pr  is — Je  prend  rai — Je  prend  rais — Prend  s 
— Que  je  prenn  e,  es,  e;  pren  ions,  iez,  prenn  ent — Que  je  pr  isse. 


—  73  — 

pRfiVALOiR,  (to  prevail.)  Like  valoir,  except  subjunctive  present,  que 
je  pr^val  e,  etc. 

PRfivoiR,  (to  foresee).    Like  voir,  except  je  pr^voi  rai,  je  prevoi  rais. 

RfisouDRE,  (to  resolve).  R6solv  ant,  r^sol  u  and  r6sou  s— Je  r^sou  s — 
Je  r^solv  ais — Je  r^sol  us — Je  r^soud  rai  —  Je  r6soud  rais — Resou  s — Que 
je  r6solv  e — Que  ;e  r^sol  usse. 

RiRK,  (to  laugh).  Ri  ant,  ri— Je  ri  s — Je  ri  ais— Je  ri  s— Je  ri  rai—  Je 
ri  rais — Ri  s — Que  je  ri  e — Que  je  ri  sse. 

RoMPRE,  (to  break.  Romp  ant,  romp  u — Je  romp  s — Je  iromp  ais — Je 
romp  is — Je  romp  rai — Je  romp  rais— Romp  s — Que  je  romp  e  — Que  je 
romp  isse. 

Savoir,  (to  know).  Sach  ant,  s  u— Je  sai  s,  s,  t ;  sav  ons»  ez,  sav  ent— Je 
sav  ais — Je  s  us — Je  sau  rai — Je  sau  rais — Sach  e,  sach  ons,  sach  ez — Que 
Je  sach  e — Que  je  s  usse. 

Seoir,  (to  be  becoming,  suit.)  Sey  ant— 11  si  ed— II  sey  ait  —  11  si6  ra 
— li  si6  rait — Qu'il  si^  e. 

♦Seoir,  (to  s't).    S6  ant,  sitting — S  is  (situated). 

SuFFiRB,  (  to  suffice).    Suffis  ant,  suffi.    Like  confire. 

ScrivRE,  (to  follow).  Suiv  am,  suiv  i — Je  sui  s — Je  suiv  ais — Je  suiv  is 
— Je  suiv  rai — Je  suiv  rais— Sui  s — Que  je  suiv  e — Que  je  suiv  isse. 

Taire,  (to  conceal)  (Se  TAiRE,  to  be  silent).     Like  plaire. 

♦Traire,  (to  milk).  Tray  ant,  trai  t— Je  trai  s— Je  tray  ais— Je  trai  rai 
Je  trai  rais — Trai  s — Que  je  trai  e. 

Vaincre,  (to  vanquish).  Vainqu  ant,  vaino  u — Je  vain  cs — Je  vainqu  ais 
— Je  vainqu  is — Je  vainc  rai — Je  vainc  rais — Vain  cs — Que  je  vainqu  e — 
Que  je  vainqu  isse. 

Valoir,  (to  be  worth).  Val  ant,  val  u— Je  vau  x— Je  valais — Je  val  us 
— Je  vaud  rai — Je  vaud  rais.  No  imperative.  Que  je  vaill  e,  es,  e;  val  ions, 
iez,  vaill  ent — Que  je  val  usse. 

Vetir,  (to  clothe).  Vet  ant,  vet  u — Je  vet  s — Je  vet  ais — Je  v§t  is — Je 
veti  rai — Je  veti  rais — Vet  s — Que  je  vet  e — Que  je  vet  isse. 

VivRE,  (to  live;.  Viv  ant,  v6c  u — Je  vi  s — Je  viv  ais  —  Je  v6c  us  —  Je 
viv  rai — Je  viv  rais — Vi  s — Que  je  viv  e — Que  je  v^c  usse. 

Voir,  (to  see).  Voy  ant,  v  u — Je  voi  s — Je  voy  ais  —  Je  v  is  —  Je  ver- 
rai — Je  ver  rais — Voi  s — Que  je  voi  e — Que  je  v  isse. 

VouLOiR,  (to  be  willing).  Je  veu  x,  x,  t;  voul  ons,  ez,  veul  ent — Je  vou- 
1  ais—Je  voul  us — Je  voud  rai — Je  voud  rais — Veuill  e,  veuill  ez — Que  je 
veuill  e,  es,  e;  voul  ions,  iez,  veuill  ent — Que  je  voul  usse. 

AGREEMENT  OF  THE  PARTICIPLE  PAST. 

129.  The  past  participle  after  the  auxiliary  avoir  (or  etre  in  the  com- 
pound tenses  of  reflective  verbs),  is  declinable  if  the  objective  (accusative) 
case  PRECEDES  the  participle,  and  the  participle  then  agrees  with  the  ob- 
jective (accusative)  in  gender  and  number;  as, 

La  lettre  que  mon  frdre  a  6crite.  The    letter   whish    my   brother    has 

written. 
Cette  femmes'est  propos^e  pour  mo-  That  woman  has  proposed  herself  as 
d6le  a  ses  enfants.  a  model  to  her  children. 

But  if  the  objective  (accusative)  is  placed  after  the  participle,  the  part- 
iciple is  indeclinable  ;  as. 


—  74  — 

Ma  soeur  a  ^orit  la  lettre.  My  sister  has  written  the  letter. 

Cette  femme  s'est   propose  d'ensei-   That  woman  has  intended  to  teach 
gner  la  g^ographie  4  ses  enfants.        geography  to  her  children. 

The  past  participle  after  avoir  never  agrees  with  its  subject  (nomina- 
tive); as, 

Ma  soeur  a  parl6.  My  sister  has  spoken. 

EUe  a  ^crit.  Sue  has  written, 

ADVEEB3  OF  QUANTITY 

130.  Adverbs  of  quantity,  such  as  auta^nt,  assez,  combien,  beaucoup, 
BiEN,  Gu£]RE,  PEU,  QUE,  TANT,  and  TROP,  are  followed  by  the  preposition 
1>B  when  used  with  substantives  ;  as, 

"autant    d'amis,"     as   or   so    many  "II  n'a  guere  de  patience."     He  has 

friends.  but  little  patience. 

"assez  d'argent,"  money  enough.  "peu  de  connaissances,"  few  acquain- 

"combien    de  livres"?     how  many  tances. 

books  ?  "que  de  travaux  !"  how  many  labors! 

"beaucoup  de    richesses,"  many  ri-  "tant  de  soins,"  so  much  care. 

ches.  '*trop  d'occupation,"  too  many  occu- 

"bien  des  peines,"  many  troubles.  pations. 

*  See  the  rule  122. 

When  used  in  a  general  sense,  after  the  above  adverbs,  the  substantives 
are  not  preceded  by  the  article  ;  as,  "beaucoup  d'argent." 

The  adverb  bien  is,  however,  always  followed  by  the  article  before  a 
substantive;  as,  "bien  de  I'argent,  bien  de  la  peine,"  much  money,  much 
trouble. 

Except  when  it  precedes  the  word  altre,  other;  as,  "bien  d'autres  di- 
sent  la  meaie  chose,"  many  others  say  the  same  thing. 


70  — 


FABLES. 

FIRST  LESSON. 
The  f  able  of  the  Grow  and  the  Fox. 

Un  Corbeau  s'^tant  perch4  sur*4in  A  Crow  having  perched  herself  on 
arbre  pour  manger  un  morceau  de  a  tree,  in  order  to  eat  a  piece  of  cheese 
fromage  qu'il  tenait  en  son  bee,  un  which  she  held  in  her  bill,  a  Fox  that 
Renard,  qui  TaperQut,  fut  t3nt6  de  le  perceived  her,  \;as  tempted  to  take 
lui  enlever.  Ainsi,  pour  amuser  le  it  away  from  her.  Therefore,  with  an 
Corbeau,  il  commenga  jI  le  louer  de  intention  of  alluring  the  Crow,  he  be- 
son  plumage.  Le  Renard,  voyant  que  gan  to  praise  her  for  the  extraordina- 
le  Corbeau  prer>ait  goftt  ^  ses  luuan-  ry  beauty  of  her  feathers.  The  Fox 
ges,  lui  dit  :  si  votre  voix  est  aussi  seeing  that  the  Crow  took  some  plea- 
belle  que  votre  corps  est  beau,  vous  sure  in  his  praises,  said  to  her:  if 
devez  etre  le  plus  joli  de  tous  les  oi-  your  voice  is  as  fine  as  your  body  is 
seaux.  beautiful,  you  must  be  the  most  love- 

ly ofall  birds. 

The  Crow  was  so  well  pleased  with 

Le  Corbeau  fut  si  content  de  ce  this  flattering  compliment,  that  she 
compliment  flatteur,  qu'il  ouvrit  le  opened  her  bill  in  order  to  show  what 
bee  pour  montrer  qu'il  avait  la  voix  a  fine  voice  she  had,  and  let  fall  the 
belle  et  laissa  tomber  le  fromage;  le  piece  of  cheese;  the  cunning  Fox  im- 
fin  Renard  s'en  saisit  et  le  mangea  mediately  seized  it,  and  eat  it  in 
aux  yeux  du  Corbeau,  qui  demeura  the  crow's  sight,  who  was  quite  asham- 
tout  honteux  de  sa  sottise.  ed  of  her  folly. 

MORAL. 

Les  flatteurs  sont  tr6s  dangereux;  Flatterers  are  very  dangerous;  we 
il  faut  toujours  etre  en  garde  contre  should  always  be  upon  our  guard 
eux.  against  them. 

SECOND  LESSON. 
The  fable  of  the  Frog  and  the  Ox. 

Une  Grenouille  ayant  un  jour  aper-  A  Frog  spying  one  day  an  Ox  in  a 

QU   un  Boeuf  qui   paissait    dans    une  meadow,  fancied  that  she  could  make 

prairie,  se  flatta  de   pouvoir  devenir  herself  as  big  as  that    animal.     She 

aussi  grosse  que  cet  animal.    Elle  fit  made  great  efforts  to  swell  the  wrin- 

de  grands  efforts  pour  enfler  sa  peau  kles  of  her  skin,  and  asked  her  com- 

rid^e,  et  demanda  alorj  ^  ses  compa-  panions  whether  her  size  began   to 

gnes  si  sa  taille  commengait  k  appro-  come  near  that  of  the  Ox. 
cher  de  celle  du  Boeuf. 


Elles  lui  dirent  que  non.  Elle  fit 
done  de  nouveaux  efforts  pour  s'en- 
fler  toujours  de  plus  en  plus,  et  de- 
manda encore  une  fois  aux  Grenouil- 
les  si  elle  egalait  a  peu  pr^s  la  gros- 
seur  du  Boeuf. 

Elles  lui  firent  la  merae  r^ponse 
que  la  premiere  fois. 

La  grenouille  ne  changea  pas  pour 
cela  de  dessein,  elle  persista;  mais  le 


They  told  her  that  it  was  not.  She 
therefore  made  new  efforts  to  swell 
herself  still  more  and  more,  and  ask- 
ed a  second  time  of  the  Frogs,  whe- 
ther she  did  almost  equal  the  bigness 
of  the  Ox. 

They  made  her  the  same  answer  as 
they  had  before. 

The  Frog  did  not,  however,  change 


—  76  — 

dernier  effort  qu'elle  fit  pour  s'enfler  her  design;  but  the  last  effort  which 

fut  si  violent,  qu^elle  en  creva  sur  le  she  made  to  swell  herself  was  so  vio- 

champ.  lent,  that  she  burst  immediately. 

MORAL. 

Les  petitsseruinentsouvent,quand  Little  folks  ruin  themselves,  when 

ils   veulent   aller    de    pair   avec    les  they  attempt  to  be  upon  an  equality 

Grands  et  les  imiter.  with  the  Great. 

THIRD  LESSON. 
The  Fable  of  the  Fox  and  the  Wolf. 

Un  Renard  6tant  tomb4  par  hasard  A  Fox  having  fallen  by  chance  in- 

dans  un  puits,  ^tait  sur  le  point  de  se  to  a  well,   was  on  the  point  of  being 

noyer,  lorsqu'il  apergut  un  Loup  sur  drowned,  when  he  perceived  a  Wolf 

le  bord  du  puits.     II  le  pria  instam-  on  the  brink  of  the  well.  He  earnest- 

ment  de  I'assister  dans  le  p6ril  extre-  ly  begged  of  him  to  assist  him  in  this 

me  oCi  il  se  trouvait,  et  de   lui   Jeter  extreme  danger,  and  to  throw  him  a 

une  corde  pour  qu'il  en  pilt  sortir.  rope  that  he  might  get  out  of  it. 

Le  Loup,    plaignant    sa    disgrace.  The  Wolf  pitying  his   misfortune 

lui  fit  plusieurs  questions  pour  savoir  asked  him  several  questions,  in  order 

comment  il  6tait  tombe  dans  le  puits.  to  be  informed  how  he  had  happened 

Ce  n'est  pas  maintenant  ie  tempsde  to  fall  into  the  well.    It  is  not  now  a 

me  questionner,  ni  de  discourir,  r^pli-  time  to  question  me,   nor  to  hold   a 

qua  le  Renard;  quand   vous  m'aurez  discourse,  replied  the  fox;  when  you 

tir6  d'ici,  je  vous  expliquerai  &  loisir  have  drawn'me  out  of  the  place,  I  will 

toutes  les  circonstances  de  cette  aven-  explain  to  you,  at  leisure,  all  the  oir- 

ture.  cumstances  of  this  accident. 

MORAL. 

II  ne  convient  pas    de    haranguer  It  is  not  fit  to  make  long  speeches 

nos  amis  ni  de   leur  faire  des  r^pri-  to  our  friends,  nor  to  reprimand  them, 

mandes  quand  ils  sont  en  danger.    II  when  they  are  in   any  danger.     We 

faut  d'abord  les  secourir,  et  ensuite  must  immediately   assist  them,   and 

leur  parler  si  I'on  a  quelque  chose  k  then  speak  if  we  have  something  to 

leur  dire.  say  to  them. 

FOURTH  LESSON. 
The  Fable  of  the  Wild  Boar  and  the  Ass. 

Un  Ane  ayant,  par  accident,   ren-  An   Ass   having  accidentally    met 

contr^  un  sanglier,  eut  I'impudence  with  a  Wild  Board,   had  the  impu- 

de  se  moquer  de  lui  et  de  I'insulter.  dence  to  deride  and  insult  him. 

Le  Sanglier,  fr^missant   de    oour-  The  Wild  Boar,  foaming  with  rage 

roux  et  gringant  les  dents,   eut  d'a-  and  grinding  his  teeth,  had,  at  first,  a 

bord  grande  envie   de  le   mettre  en  great  mind  to  tear  him  in  pieces;  but 

pieces,  mais,  faisant  aussitot  reflexion  immediately  reflecting  that  such   an 

qu'un  tel  animal  n'6tait  pas  digne  de  animal  was  not  worthy  his  anger  and 

sa  colore  et  de  sa  vengeance,  ii  se  re-  revenge,  he  refrained  from  doing  him 

tint.  any  harm. 

Miserable  que  tu  es,  lui  dit-il,je  te  Poor    wretch,    said  he  to   him,   I 

punirais  s6v6rement  si  tu  en  valais  la  could  severely   punish  thee  for  thy 

peine,  mais  je  ne  veux  pas  me  souil-  audaciousness   if  thou   wert   worthy 

ler  du  sang  d'une  aussi  vile  bSte.  Tu  my  notice;  but  I  will  not  stain  myself 


—  77  —  ■ 

n'es  qu'un  Ane,  et  ta  lachete  te  met  with  the  blood  of  so  mean  a  beast. 
d.  couvert  de  mes  coups  et  te  sauve  Thou  art  but  an  Ass,  and  thy  cow- 
la  vie.  Apr^s  lui  avoir  fait  ces  repro-  ardice  secures  thee  against  my  reven- 
ches,  il  le  lalssa  aller.  ge.    After  having  upbraided  him  so, 

he  let  him  go  away. 

MORAL. 

Le  m^pris  est  Tunique  vengeance       Contempt  is  the  onlyrevenge  which 

que  Ton  doive  prendre   d'un  sot,  ou  we  ought  to  take  of  a  silly  fellow,  or 

d'un  malheureux.  D'ailleurs,  lavictoi-  of  an  impudent  wretch.    Besides,  the 

re  quel'onremportesurunvil  et  faible  victory  which  is  gained  over  a  weak 

ennemi  est  trop  aisee  et  ne  fait  pas  and   paltry  enemy,  is  too   easy  and 

bonneur.  does  not  procure  honor. 

FIFTH  LESSON. 


The  Fable  of  the 

Un  Lion,  fatigu6  de  la  chaleur  et 
abattu  de  lassitude,  dormait  ^  I'orabre 
d'un  arbre.  Un  Rat,  qui  le  vit,  lui 
raonta  sur  le  corps  pour  se  divertir. 

Le  Lion  se  reveilla,  6tendit  la  piatte, 
et  s'en  saisit;  le  Hat,  se  voyant  ainsi 
pris  et  sans  esp^rance  d'^chapper, 
demanda  pardon  au  Lion  de  son  inci- 
vility et  de  sa  hardiesse  et  le  supplia 
tr6s  humblement  de  lui  sauver  la  vie. 
Le  Lion,  touchy  de  cette  soumission,  le 
laissa  aller. 

Ce  bienfa't  ne  fut  pas  perdu;  car, 
le  Lion  6tant  tombo,  quelques  jours 
apr^s,  dans  un  filet  dont  il  ne  pou- 
vait  se  debarrasser,  il  se  mit  k  rugir 
de  toute  sa  force.  Le  Rat,  reconnais- 
sant  aux  rugissements  du  Lion  qu'il 
^taitpris, accourutpromptement  pour 
le  secourir;  il  se  mit  aussitot  ^  ron- 
ger  les  mailles  du  filet,  et  lui  procura 
par  li  un  moyen  de  s'^vader. 


Lion  and  Ihe  Rat, 

A  Lion  faint  with  heat  and  weary 
with  fatigue  slept  under  a  shady  tree. 
A  Rat,  that  saw  him,  got  upon  his 
back,  to  have  a  little  sport. 

The  Lion,  waking,  stretched  his 
paw,  and  took  him;  the  Rat  finding 
himself  taken,  and  without  hopes  of 
escaping,  asked  the  Lion's  pardon  for 
his  boldness,  and  very  humbly  craved 
for  his  life.  The  Lion,  moved  by  his 
submission,  let  him  go. 

This  favor  was  not  losst;  for  the 
Lion,  being  caught  a  few  days  after 
in  a  net,  from  which  he  could  not 
free  himself,  he  began  to  roar  mighti- 
ly. The  Rat  knowing  by  the  Lion's 
roaring  that  he  was  taken,  ran  quick- 
ly to  his  assistance;  he  began  instant- 
ly to  gnaw  the  meshes  of  his  net,  and 
thereby  enabled  him  to  make  his  es- 
cape. 


En  excusant  une  petite  faute,  on 
se  procure  souvent  I'affection  de  ce- 
lui  ^  qui  Ton  a  pardonn^. 


MORAL. 

By  forgiving  a  small  fault  we  often 
secure  the  affection  of  the  trangres- 
sor. 


SIXTH  LESSON. 

TTie  FabU  of  the  Bird-catcher  and  the  Stork. 

Un  oiseleur  prit  un  jour,  dans  ses  A  Bird-catcher  took  one  day,  in 
filets,  plusieurs  Grues  et  plusieurs  his  nets,  several  Cranes,  and  several 
Oies,  parmi  lesquellea  il  se  rencon-  Geese  ;  amongst  which  there  happen- 
tra  une  Cigogne.  ed  to  be  a  Stork. 


-  78  — 


Ce  pauvre  oiseau  le  pria  avec  in- 
stance de  lui  sauver  la  vie  et  de  lui 
rendre  la  liberty;  d'autant  qu'elle 
n'6tait  ni  Oie,  ni  Grrue,  et  qu'eile  ne 
faisait  de  tort  d  personne. 

De  plus,  dit-eile,  j'ai  grand  soin  de 
ma  vieille  mere  et  la  nourris  avec 
toute  I'attention  dont  je  suis  capable. 

L'oiseleur  irapitoyable  lui  r^pondit 
avec  aigreur:  qu'est-ce  que  cela  m'im- 
porte  ?  puisque  te  voibl  prise  avec 
les  autres  qui  m'ont  fait  du  tort,  tu 
mourras  avec  eux. 


This  unfortunate  Bird  entreated 
him  earnestly  to  spare  her  life,  and 
to  set  her  at  liberty,  as  she  was  neith- 
er a  Goose  nor  a  Crane,  and  did  no 
harm  to  any  body. 

Besides,  said  she,  I  take  great  care 
of  my  old  mother,  and  feed  her  with 
all  the  attention  I  am  capable  of. 

The  unmerciful  bird-catcher  an- 
swered her,  with  an  angry  tone,  what 
is  all  chat  to  me  ?  Since  thou  art  now 
taken  with  others  that  have  done  me 
harm,  thou  shalt  also  die  with  them. 


MORAL. 


II  ne  faut  jamais  frequenter  que  "We  must  never  associate  with  any 
des  gens  de  bien;  carceux  qui  s'asso-  other  but  good  people;  for  those  who 
cient  avec  les  m6chants,  p^riront  avec   keep  company  with  the  wicked  wull 


eux,  quoiqu'ils  soient  innocents. 


suflFer  with  them,  though  they  may 
be  innocent. 


SEVENTH  LESSON. 
The  Fable  of  the  Horse  and  the  Fly. 


Une  Mouche,  plac^e  sur  le  timon 
d'une  voiture,  criait  d'un  ton  impe- 
rieux  apr^s  le  Cheval  qui  la  tirait  : 
que  tu  vas  lentement  !  ne  veux-tu 
pas  marcher  plus  vite  ?  Prends  garde 
que  je  te  perce  le  cou  de  mon  ai- 
guillon. 

Le  Cheval  lui  r^ponditfroidement: 
tes  paroles  et  tes  menaces  ne  me  tou- 
chent  gu^re;  je  ne  crainis  que  celUi 
qui  conduit,  avec  un  fouet  long  et 
souple,  le  joug  que  je  porte;  c'est 
pourquoi  cesse  de  me  parler  avec 
cet  air  frivole  et  t^m^raire. 

Car  je  sais  mieux  que  toi  quand  il 
faut  m'arreter,  et  quand  je  doia  cou- 
rir. 


A.  Fly  sitting  upon  the  pole  of  a 
carriage,  called  to  the  Horse  that  was 
drawing  it  :  how  slowly  you  creep 
along  !  won't  you  mend  your  pace 
and  go  faster  ?  Take  care  or  I  shall 
twinge  your  neck  with  the  weapon  I 
have. 

The  Horse,  with  an  air  of  contempt, 
replied:  your  commands  and  threats 
are  not  worth  my  notice;  I  only  dread 
the  man,  who  whith  his  long  and 
pliant  whip  drives  the  burden  which 
I  bear;  therefore  lea^e  off  speaking 
to  me  in  that  saucy  and  impertinent 
manner.   ' 

For  I  know  better  than  you  can 
tell  me,  when  to  halt,  and  when  to 
mend  my  pace. 


MORAL. 


Cette  fable  sert  k  exposer  I'impu-  This  fable  serves  to  expose  the  im- 

dente  hardiesse  et  le  ridicule  depor-  pudent  boldness  and    ridiculous  be- 

tement  de  ces  gens,  qui,  sans  avoir  ni  haviour  of  those  people,  who,  having 

force  ni  pouvoir,  ne  laissent  pas  pour-  neither  abilities  nor  power,  dare,  ne- 

tant  de  faire  de  vaines  menaces.  vertheless,  utter  vain  and  disdainful 


-  19 


RECUEIL  DE  BONS  MOTS. 

A  physician,  who  lived  in  London,  visited  a  lady  who  lived  at  Chelsea  : 
after  he  had  continued  his  visits  for  some  time,  the  lady  expre^sed  an  ap- 
prehension, that  it  might  be  inconvenient  to  him  to  come  so  far  on  her  ac- 
count. Oh  Kmadam,  replied  the  doctor,  I  have  another  patient  in  this 
neighbourhood,  and  by  that  means,  you  know,  "  I  kill  two  birds  with  one 
stone." 

A  lady's  age  happening  to  be  questioned,  she  affirmed  it  was  but  forty, 
and  called  upon  a  gentleman,  who  was  in  the  company,  to  deliver  his 
opinion.  Cousin,  said  she,  do  you  believe  I  am  right,  when  I  say  I  am 
but  forty  ?  "  I'm  sure,  madam,"  said  he,  "  I  ought  not  to  dispute  it  ;  for  I 
have  constantly  heard  you  say  so  for  above  these  ten  years." 

An  Irishman,  being  asked  if  he  understood  French,  replied  :  **  Yes,  joy, 
I  understand  French  perfectly  well,  provided  it's  spoken  in  Irish." 

A  gentleman  having  lent  a  guinea  for  two  or  three  days  to  a  person 
whose  promises  he  had  not  much  faith  in,  was  very  much  surprised  to  find 
that  he  very  punctually  kept  his  word  with  him.  The  same  gentleman 
being  some  time  after  desirous  of  borrowing  a  large  sum,  "  No,"  said  the 
other,  "you  have  deceived  me  once,  and  I  am  resolved  you  shall  not  do  it 
a  second  time." 

An  English  gentleman  asked  sir  R.  Steele,  who  was  an  Irishman,  what 
was  the  reason  that  his  countrymen  were  so  remarkable  for  blundering, 
and  making  bulls  ?  "Faith,"  said  the  knight,  "  I  believe  there  is  some- 
thing in  the  air  of  Ireland;  and  I  dare  say,  i£  an  Englishman  were  bora 
there,  he  would  do  the  same." 

A  man,  complaining  to  a  friend  that  his  wife's  drunkenness  and  ill  con- 
duct had  almjst  ruinei  him,  conclude  I,  as  the  vulgar  usually  do,  and  "  for 
good. less'  saka,  what's  to  be  said  for  it  ?  Nothing  that  I  know,"  said  his 
iriend,  "  can  be  said,  for  it,  bat  much  agaiii8t\X,y 

An  Irishman  having  a  looking-glass  in  his  hand,  shut  his  eyes,  and  plac- 
ed it  before  his  face  :  another  asking  him  why  h>3  did  so,  "Qpon  my  shoul," 
says  Teague,  "it  ish  to  shee  how  I  look  when  I  am  ashleep. 

Lord  Chesterfield  was  asked  at  court  one  day,  what  he  thought  of  lady 
Coventry,  whose  complexion  was  evidently  of  her  own  manufacture:  ''Real- 
ly," replied  his  lordship,  "I  am  no  connaisseur  in  painting." 

An  Italian  gentleman,  who  was  dangerously  ill,  and  at  the  samo  time 
heavily  charged  with  debts,  told  his  confessor,  that  the  only  favour  he 
had  to  ask  of  heaven  was  that  his  life  might  be  prolonged  till  he  had  dis- 
charged them.  Then,  replied  the  priest,  since  your  reason  for  wishing  to 
live  is  so  just,  I  pray  that  your  prayers  may  be  heard.  Ay!  father,  answer- 
ed the  sick  man,  I  pray  that  they  may;  "  for  I  am  sure,  if  I  live  till  I  pay 
my  debts,  I  shall  never  die." 

Some  robbers  having  broke  into  a  gentleman's  house,  they  went  to  the 
footman's  bed,  and  told  him,  if  he  moved  he  was  a  dead  man.  "  That's  a 
d — d  lie,"  cried  the  fellow  ;  "if  I  move,  I  am  sure  I  am  alive. 


—  80  — 

Lord  Mansfield,  being  willing  to  save  a  man  who  had  stolen  a  gewgaw 
trinket,  desired  the  jury  to  ralue  it  at  ten  pence  ;  upon  \^ich  the  prose- 
cutor cries  out  :  "  Ten  pence, "  my  lord  1  why  the  very  "fashion'*  of  it 
cost  me  ten  limes  the  sum.  Oh  !  says  his  lordship,  we  must  not  hang  a 
man  for  ''fashion's  sake." 

If  you  marry,  said  a  father  to  his  daughter,  you  will  do  well  ;  if  you  do 
not  marry,  you  will  do  better.  If  that's  the  case,  replied  the  daughter,  get 
me  a  husband  as  sojn  as  you  can  :  I  shall  be  content  to  dj  mall',  I  leave 
it  to  others  to  do  better,  / 

A  certain  country  squire  ask'd  a  "Merry  Andrew"  why  he  played  the 
fool.  "For  the  same  reason,"  said  he,  "that  you  do,  out  of  want :  you  do 
it  for  wdnt  of  wit,  I  do  it  for  want  of  money. 

A  countryman  was  sowing  a  field,  and  two  smart  fellows  happening  to 
ride  that  way,  one  of  them  called  to  him  with  an  insolent  air  :  Well,  hon- 
est fellow,  'tis  your  business  to  sow;  but  we  reap  the  fruits  of  your  labour. 
To  which  the  countryman  replied  :  "Tis  very  likely  you  may,  truly  ;  for 
I  am  sowing  hemp. 

A  gentleman,  who  had  the  character  of  a  great  punster,  was  desired  one 
night  in  company,  bv  a  gentleman,  to  make  a  "pun  extempore."  Upon 
what  subject  ?  said  Daniel.  The  k]rhg^  answered  the  other.  "Oh!  sir,"  said 
he,  "the  king  is  no  subject." 

A  Scotchman  was  very  angry  with  an  English  gentleman,  who,   he  said  , 
had  abused  him,  and  called  him  "false  Scot."    "Indeed"  said  the  English- 
man, "I  said  no  such  thing;  I  said  you  were  a  true  Scot. 

In  a  visit  queen  Elizabeth  made  to  the  famous  lord  chancellor  Bacon,  at 
a  small  country-seat,  which  he  had  built  for  himself  before  his  preferment, 
she  asked  him  how  it  came  that  he  made  himself  so  small  a  house.  "  It  is 
not  I,  madam,"  answered  he,  "who  have  made  my  house  too  small  for  my- 
self, but  your  Majesty  who  has  made  me  too  big  for  my  house.' 


END 


